Approaches to Language Research

TWO characteristics of a QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH are....

• using deductive reasoning

• using inductive reasoning

• objective and focusing on the product

• using a small number of participants

• deductive reasoning

• inductive reasoning

• deductive reasoning

• inductive reasoning

A HYPOTHESIS is ...

• a premise or assumption that needs to be proven

• thing, person, place and phenomenon to investigate

• making a specific conclusion based on general premises

• making an inference based on observation

Creswell reveals that this approach values statistical descriptions on achieving precise measurement.

• quantitative research

• qualitative research

• arts-based research

• mixed-methods research

A kind of QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH that is based on manipulative situation ...

• ex post facto

• correlational

• survey

• quasi-experimental

THREE kinds of QUALITATIVE RESEARCH are ...

• ex post facto

• ethnography

• content analysis

• grounded theory

A kind of ethnographic (qualitative) research focusing on a single unit (group, organization, program) is ...

• case studies

• narrative inquiry

• phenomenological studies

• grounded theory

Basic interpretative studies in qualitative research seek to answer ...

• What can be learned by learning a certain document?

• What insights or conclusion can be taken about the past events?

• How are events, processes, and activities perceived by the participants?

• What does the experience mean for the participants?

A kind of data classification without any rank or order is ...

• nominal data

• ordinal data