Unit 2: Biodiversity

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?

• There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.

• Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do.

• There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents.

• Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.

Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?

• Regulating services are disrupted by flash flooding from a hurricane, which decreases available food resources.

• Cultural services are disrupted by a tornado that causes the loss of acres of forest, which reduces the amount of harvestable timber.

• Supporting services are disrupted by an earthquake that causes habitat destruction, which displaces plants and animals.

• Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.

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Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?

• Genetic biodiversity is a measure of the total number of genes in a community.

• A population with high genetic biodiversity is likely to collapse after an environmental stressor.

• Habitat diversity is the total number of different species in an area.

• A narrow distribution of habitats leads to an increase in species diversity.

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A 163 square-kilometer (km2) small island is found 2,000km from the mainland. A second, larger, 230,000km island is found 1,000km from the mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following statements is most likely true about the small island when compared with the large island?

• The small island has more available resources than the large island.

• The rate of immigration is lower for the large island than for the small island.

• The small island has niches that are more like the mainland than the large island.

• The rate of species extinction is higher on the small island than on the large island.

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High biodiversity is important because...

• it means that the ecosystem is more likely to recover from disturbances.

• it means that the ecosystem is less likely to recover from disturbances.

• it means that organisms are healthier and have more opportunities.

• it means that organisms are have less resources and mates

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Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity RICHNESS?

• Community 1

• Community 2

• They are the same

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Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity EVENNESS?

• Community 1

• Community 2

• They are the same

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If a natural disturbance occurs and a species undergoes a bottleneck effect, the resulting genetic diversity will be....

• increased

• decreased

• unchanged

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Tourism in Yellowstone National Park would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

• Provisioning

• Regulating

• Supporting

• Cultural

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Bees pollinating our crops would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

• Provisioning

• Regulating

• Supporting

• Cultural

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