APWH Unit 5 progress check

Which of the following is the main claim that the author makes in the first paragraph?

• A. Europeans should learn from the knowledge and wisdom of classical Greece and Rome.

• B. Philosophy and science are fundamentally incompatible.

• C. Ethics and morality are subjective and culture-specific.

• D. People have natural rights that can be established through rational inquiry.

Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the second paragraph?

• A. In some cases, governments need to stifle freedom of speech.

• B. Religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity.

• C. Man’s natural condition is one of suffering and a struggle for survival.

• D. Loyalty to one’s nation is the greatest virtue a person can aspire to have.

Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the third paragraph?

• A. The French Revolution has advanced the principles of the Enlightenment.

• B. The failure to grant political rights to women is at odds with the idea of natural rights.

• C. The economic policies of the French monarchy have been the main cause of the revolution.

• D. The calls to reform the criminal justice system do not take into account the severity of the social problems posed by France’s high crime rates.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the views expressed in the two sources?

• A. Source 1 assumes that people are fundamentally rational and capable of being persuaded by rational arguments, whereas Source 2 assumes that people are fundamentally irrational and motivated by instincts and passions.

• B. Source 1 asserts that liberty is synonymous with individual freedom of action, whereas Source 2 asserts that true liberty involves a collective obligation to act in the best interests of the community.

• C. Source 1 emphasizes the importance of religious identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior, whereas Source 2 emphasizes the importance of ethno-linguistic identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior.

• D. Source 1 argues that members of the elite should follow the democratically expressed will of the people, whereas Source 2 argues that members of the elite should lead and lift up the people by providing them with education.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the arguments made in the two sources regarding ideas of liberty and equality?

• A. Both sources reject the ideas for the same reason, namely that demands for liberty and equality would lead to political instability and sweeping social changes in Europe.

• B. Source 1 rejects the ideas because of the threat they represent to multinational empires, whereas Source 2 rejects the ideas because of the universal and equalizing nature of their claims.

• C. Source 1 embraces the ideas because of the promise of emancipation they hold to oppressed minority groups, whereas Source 2 embraces the ideas because of their origins in Enlightenment thought.

• D. Both sources embrace the ideas for the same reason, namely that liberty and equality are inalienable natural rights and governments’ attempts to restrict those rights are doomed to fail.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the positions expressed by the authors of the two sources regarding the idea that existing political boundaries should be changed so that each nation has its own state?

• A. Source 1 explicitly supports the idea, but Source 2 explicitly rejects it.

• B. Source 1 explicitly rejects the idea, but Source 2 explicitly supports it.

• C. Both Source 1 and Source 2 explicitly support the idea.

• D. Neither Source 1 nor Source 2 explicitly supports the idea.

Together with access to coal deposits, which environmental factor most directly contributed to Great Britain’s early industrialization?

• A. Its location on an island group separate from continental Europe

• B. Its abundance of iron ore

• C. Its cold climate, unsuitable for cultivating many crops

• D. Its plentiful domestic sources of gold and silver

Waterways such as canals and rivers were important in the process of early industrialization because they provided

• A. cheap electrical power needed for industrial production

• B. access to leisure activities for the growing middle class

• C. a source for improved sanitation for the rapidly urbanizing population centers

• D. a means for integrating economic activities in regional and national markets

Which of the following best summarizes the way in which the development of the factory system and the development of new transportation infrastructure such as railways worked together as factors facilitating British industrialization?

• A. The factory system produced the surplus labor that led large numbers of British people to emigrate overseas, and the new transportation infrastructure enabled those migrants to make their journeys.

• B. The factory system concentrated the working classes in cities, and new transportation infrastructure allowed governments to better monitor and police these workers.

• C. The factory system concentrated production in relatively few locations, and the new transportation infrastructure allowed more goods and people to reach these locations in less time.

• D. The factory system led to an ever-greater degree of specialization of labor and, by doing so, helped meet the railway industry’s need for highly skilled workers.

Based on the chart, which of the following best describes a pattern in the spread of railroads in Europe from 1830 to 1850 ?

• A. Multinational empires adopted railroads more extensively than other states did.

• B. Countries that industrialized the latest had the most extensive mileage of railroads by 1850.

• C. The largest countries had the most extensive railroad networks by 1850.

• D. Areas in northwestern Europe adopted railroads more extensively than areas in other parts of Europe.