Psychology - Operant & Classical Conditioning

The type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to cause a response because it reliably predicts another stimulus is called:

• Operant Conditioning

• Classical Conditioning

• Observational Learning

• Cognitive Learning

Anything in the environment that one can respond to is a:

• Reinforcer

• Response

• Discriminator

• Stimulus

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

• clapping after a thrilling concert performance

• jumping rope

• running through a maze to get a food reward

• sweating in hot weather

Brad proposed to Angelina at an Italian restaurant and to his great delight, she said "Yes." Now every time Brad goes to that restaurant he gets a happy feeling. What is the conditioned stimulus?

• the restaurant

• feeling happy in the restaurant

• the acceptance of the proposal

• feeling happy when the proposal was accepted

In Watson's famous research with Little Albert, the conditioned response was:

• the rat

• the loud noise

• fear of the rat

• fear of the loud noise

The psychologist most closely associated with the study of operant conditioning was:

• Bandura

• Pavlov

• Skinner

• Freud

In Ivan Pavlov's demonstration of classical conditioning, what was the UR?

• Meat Powder

• Bell

• Salivation to the meat powder

• Salivation to the sound of the bell

Masako was hit with a baseball last week during practice and now refuses to play. This behavior best illustrates the effects of:

• delayed reinforcers

• negative reinforcers

• primary reinforcers

• punishments

Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors, such as slapping and barking, that prompt people to toss them a herring. This example best illustrates:

• discrimination

• observational learning

• positive reinforcement

• spontaneous recovery

Students in Ms. Dean's fourth-grade class receive a star on a chart for every book they read. Which schedule of reinforcement does this represent?

• fixed ratio

• variable ratio

• fixed interval

• variable interval