Mutations BioX

What is a mutation?

• A random error or change in genetic material

• A building block of DNA consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

• Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

• A three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

What is a deletion mutation?

• The process in which a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

• A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide

• A change to a single nucleotide in which a nucleotide is removed

• A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.

What kind of mutation is illustrated in the image?

• Substitution

• Inversion

• Insertion

• Deletion

What is a gene?

• A three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

• Chemical or physical agents that interact with DNA and cause mutations

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

What is a frameshift mutation?

• Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

• A change to a single nucleotide or chromosome in which a nucleotide or fragment of the chromosome is removed

• A mutation that occurs when a chromosome piece breaks off and reattaches in reverse order

• A mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
• They often delete things that organisms need.
• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Substitution
• Deletion
• Insertion
• Inversion

Are all mutations bad?

• Yes
• No

What do helpful mutations do? 

• Increases chances of survival 
• Decreases changes of survival 
• Increases chances of developing cancer
• Decreases skills

Original: ATC CAT

Mutation: ATC GCAT

What mutation occurred?

• deletion

• insertion

• silent

• transverse