Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work

What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all organisms?

• producers

• consumers

• the sun

• bacteria

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Which of these consumers might depend on a rabbit for its energy?

• grasshopper

• coyote

• cow

• horse

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A consumer that eats only producers is called a(n)

• omnivore

• carnivore

• autotroph

• herbivore

What term is used to describe a linear sequence in which energy is transmitted from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism?

• food web

• food chain

• trophic level

• energy pyramid

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What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?

• food web

• food chain

• energy pyramid

• energy transfer

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Which organism would occupy the level on an energy pyramid with the most energy?

• bobcat

• bird

• grasshopper

• carrot

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In the carbon cycle, where do the producers get their carbon?

• the atmosphere

• carbohydrates in plants

• fossil fuels

• animal remains

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Where are fossil fuels located?

• on the surface of Earth

• deep within Earth

• beneath the ocean floor

• all of the choices

How do lichens contribute to primary succession?

• Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil.

• Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants.

• Lichens are nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

• Lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels.

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Where would you most likely find nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

• in leaves of trees

• on the roots of legumes

• on dust particles in the atmosphere

• in blue-green algae