also known as W-beams or double-T especially in Polish and German; horizontal elements are flanges, while the vertical element is the web

• I-Beam

• C-Beam

• H-Beam

• U-Beam

• None of the Above

the cross-section has a reduced capacity in the transverse direction and is also inefficient in carrying torsion, for which hollow structural sections are often preferred

• I-Beam

• C-Beam

• H-Beam

• U-Beam

• None of the Above

formed by hot rolling or extrusion

• Rolled I-beam

• Plate Girder

• Rolled Steel Joist

• HSS-shape

• None of the Above

formed by welding (or occasionally bolting or riveting) plates

• Rolled I-beam

• Plate Girder

• Rolled Steel Joist

• HSS-shape

• None of the Above

common type of I-beam sometimes incorrectly rendered as 'reinforced steel joist'

• Rolled I-beam

• Plate Girder

• Rolled Steel Joist

• HSS-shape

• None of the Above

shaping of plate metal by rolling very hot slabs of metal

• Hot Rolling

• Flattening

• Cold Rolling

• Extrusion

• None of the Above

rolling at room temperature, usually to obtain improved surface finish or higher tensile strength

• Hot Rolling

• Flattening

• Cold Rolling

• Extrusion

• None of the Above

metal shape is produced by forcing a hot metal through an orifice in a die by means of a pressure ram

• Hot Rolling

• Flattening

• Cold Rolling

• Extrusion

• None of the Above

the stiffness of the I-beam will be chosen to minimize deformation

• Deflection

• Vibration

• Local Yield

• Shear Failure

• None of the Above

the stiffness and mass are chosen to prevent unacceptable vibrations, particularly in settings sensitive to vibrations, such as offices and libraries

• Deflection

• Vibration

• Local Yield

• Shear Failure

• None of the Above