Psych Unit 4

A cancer patient becomes nauseated following chemotherapy treatments. After a few treatments, the patient begins having a sick feeling whenever entering the treatment room. The treatment room has become

• primary reinforcer
• conditioned reinforcer
• neutral stimulus
• conditioned stimulus
• unconditioned stimulus

A child who learns that spoons are tableware and then correctly calls forks and knives tableware is demonstrating

• rote learning
• imitation training
• discrimination training
• stimulus generalization
• classical conditioning

A child whose family owns a dog may refer to any four-legged animal as “dog.” In learning theory, such behavior is known as

• stimulus generalization
• operant conditioning
• classical conditioning
• ecological validity
• shaping

A four-year-old child frequently pulled on the dog’s tail to gain attention. To reduce this undesirable behavior, the parent took away one hour of television viewing every time the child pulled the dog’s tail. Within one week, the undesirable behavior was significantly reduced. The above scenario illustrates

• positive reinforcement
• negative reinforcement
• negative punishment
• positive punishment
• extinction

After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when

• the tone only is present
• the food only is presented
• the food and tone are presented together
• a different tone is presented with the food
• a different kind of food is presented w/o a tone

An individual’s fear of dogs that is lost as the individual is exposed to dogs in nonthreatening situations is referred to by behaviorists as a fear that has been

• satiated
• suppressed
• repressed
• extinguished
• punished

B. F. Skinner’s claim that the environment determines an individual’s behavior was criticized for

• failing to explain how personality can change over time
• failing to acknowledge cognitive influences on behavior
• failing to acknowledge situational behaviors
• attributing behavior solely to genetics
• emphsazing unconscious influences

Barney is a somewhat distractible second-grade student who finds schoolwork a bit boring. After a couple of minutes of working silently, Barney often starts to misbehave until his teacher, Ms. Skinner, calls his name and scolds him. However, he enjoys this attention from her and continues to misbehave. With respect to Barney’s misbehavior, Ms. Skinner’s attention serves as

• punishment
• positive reinforcement
• negative reinforcement
• differential reinforcement
• primary reinforcement

Because he is afraid of public speaking, Scott withdraws from a class that requires an oral presentation and enrolls in another class without a presentation requirement. He continues the pattern, switching classes each semester to avoid giving presentations. Scott’s behavior has been

• positively reinforced
• negatively reinforced
• punished
• weakened
• classically conditioned

Andrene is having difficulties with her roommate. A problem-focused coping strategy for Andrene would be

• learning to meditate so she can relax when her roommate is annoying her
• going directly to her roommate to see if they can work things out
• feeling like she is powerless in the situation because she grew up with a sister that was mean to her
• thinking she has to rely on luck to work things out with her roommate
• waiting until her lease runs out to move in order to save money, even though she wants to move right away