Enlightenment Thinkers Quiz 2

What was John Locke's view on "human nature"?

• Humans are innately selfish

• Humans are innately flawed

• Humans are innately rational

• Humans are innately good, but corrupted by society

What does John Locke believe to be a natural result of the innate rationality of human nature?

• Development of laws and governments

• Government based on compromise

• An all-powerful ruler

• Competition between societies

In his book, "Two Treatises of Government" (1690), John Locke developed the idea of "Natural Rights," which are:

• Life

• Freedom of Speech

• Liberty

• Religious Tolerance

• Property

How was Jean Jacques Rousseau introduced to the Enlightenment Thinkers scene?

• A classmate

• Salons

• His teacher

• Reading other Enlightenment Thinkers' works

In his book, "Discourse on the Origins of Inequality" (1755), how does Rousseau describe "human nature"?

• Humans are innately good, but corrupted

• Humans are innately selfish

• Humans are innately flawed

• Humans are innately rational

According to Rousseau, how are humans corrupted?

• Humans are corrupted by their feelings and emotions

• Humans are corrupted by history and culture

• Humans are corrupted by government

• Humans are corrupted by nature

According to Rousseau's book, "The Social Contract" (1742), what agreement is made between the government and people within a society?

• Government protects the interests of the people

• People support the government wholeheartedly

• Government exists for the people or else the people can overthrow the government

• People have direct democracy within government

What Enlightenment ideal did Voltaire NOT advocate for?

• Natural Rights

• Freedom of Speech

• Freedom of Religion

• Republicanism

• Limited Government

In "Candide" (1759), Voltiare rejects the philosophy of "optimism" because of his view on "human nature". How did Voltaire view "human nature"?

• Humans are innately selfish

• Humans are innately good, but corrupted

• Humans are innately rational

• Humans are innately flawed

Voltaire argues that because a perfect world does not exist, "we must cultivate our garden." What does Voltaire mean by this statement?

• Humans must focus on achieving a state of being content

• Humans need to work and be busy to be happy

• Humans must learn to be as perfect as possible

• Humans must find purpose in gardening