2023 Midterm Quizizz

The term “humanism,” when applied to Renaissance Italy, refers primarily to the

• Renewed interest in the scientific method at many Italian universities
• Capitalist values advanced by leading Italian merchant bankers
• Antireligious movement among leading Italian intellectuals
• Scholarly interest in the study of the classical cultures of Greece and Rome
• Non-Christian themes that became prominent in Italian art and literature

Which of the following beliefs was central to Martin Luther’s religious philosophy?

• Salvation by faith alone
• Saints and intermediaries between the individual and God
• The sacrament of penance
• The priesthood defined as distinct from the laity
• The equality of men and women

“Oh highest and most marvelous felicity of man! To him it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.” This excerpt from the 15th Century is representative of the ideas of

• Rousseau’s Social Contract
• Hobbes’s Leviathan
• Mirandola’s On the Dignity of Man
• Luther’s Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
• Locke’s Essay on Human Understanding

16th and 17th Century European political leaders generally viewed religious tolerance as

• Dangerous and leading to disorder
• Resulting in economic prosperity
• Restricted to Christians and Jews
• Commanded by God in the Bible
• Promoted by Protestant denominations

“Religion provides the pretext and gold the motive.” This statement was a contemporary characterization of

• The launching of the Spanish Armada
• The execution of Charles I
• The posting of the 95 Theses
• New religious orders such as the Ursulines and Jesuits
• Spanish and Portuguese exploration in the New World

A major difference between Calvinism and Lutheranism relates to

• Clerical marriage
• The place of women in society
• Emphasis on predestination
• Infant baptism
• Monasticism

The most important goal of the Council of Trent was the

• Strengthening of internal Church discipline
• Organization of military opposition to the Reformation
• Establishment of new religious orders
• Reduction of papal control of doctrine
• Preparation of a revised prayer book

“They are ungrateful, changeable, simulators and dissimulators, runaways in danger eager for grain; while you do well by them they are all yours; they offer you their blood, their property, their lives, their children when need is far off; but when it comes near you they turn about.” This political assessment of Renaissance citizens can be found in

• Castigloine’s The Book of the Courtier
• Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar
• More’s Utopia
• Machiavelli’s The Prince
• Cellini’s Autobiography

A primary goal of Philip II of Spain was to

• Grant toleration to religious minorities
• Create a monarchy accessible to the people
• Reunite the Spanish and Austrian Hapsburg empires
• Strengthen the Spanish economy
• Maintain Spanish control of the Netherlands

Which of the following cities dominated European trade and finance in the early 17th Century?

• Venice
• Paris
• London
• Amsterdam
• Madrid