WHS Biology Junco 9c Human Evolution

VIDEO

1. Which of the following traits can be used to differentiate humans from our closest living primate relatives?

Choose 3

• Grasping hands

• Bipedality, which is the ability to walk exclusively on two legs

• Large brain size

• Extensive tool use

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VIDEO

Louis and Mary Leakey found two different fossil hominid skulls in the same rock layer at Olduvai Gorge: first, the fossil they named Zinjanthropus and then the following year, "Olduvai Hominid Number 7." Which of the following statements about these two skulls is true?

• The first skull they found was several million years older than the second skull.

• The second skull represented a species more closely related to modern humans than the first skull's species.

• The second skull was that of a species that could walk upright and the first one was not.

• Both skulls belonged to the "toolmaker" species that the Leakeys had been searching for.

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The conclusion that the common ancestor of modern chimps and modern humans lived around 7 million years ago is supported by which of the following lines of evidence?

• Analysis of modern human and modern chimpanzee protein and DNA sequences suggests that their lineages diverged about 7 million years ago.

• Stone tools have been found that date back about 7 million years.

• Scientists estimate that it would take about 7 million years for chimps to evolve into humans.

• Scientists estimate that it takes about 2.5 million years for brains to double in volume, so it would take about 7 million years to go from 300 cubic centimeters (cc) (early hominid brain size) to 1500 cc (modern human brain size).

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Which of the three traits considered in this film (bipedality, extensive tool use, and large brains) were present in the 3.2-million-year-old Australopithecus fossil (Lucy)?

• Lucy was a bipedal hominid with a brain size similar to that of modern humans, demonstrating that bipedality and larger brains evolved together.

• Stone tools were found in the same rock layer where Lucy was found, showing that members of this species were making and using tools 3.2 million years ago.

• Lucy was a bipedal hominid, and its discovery provided evidence that bipedality preceded the evolution of a larger brain size and extensive tool use.

• Lucy had a large brain, but there is no evidence that it used tools or that it walked mostly on two legs.

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How do scientists know that the hominid called "Ardi" is about 4.4 million years old?

• By comparing Ardi's DNA to modern human DNA

• By looking at Ardi's anatomical features

• By comparing the stone tools found in the same sediment as Ardi to other stone tools of known age

• By analyzing volcanic deposits above and below the layer containing Ardi

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What did scientists learn from other fossils found in the same sediment layer as Ardi?

• That Ardi and Lucy lived at the same time

• That Ardi lived in a woodland habitat

• That Ardi lived in an open grassland habitat

• That Ardi raised livestock and domesticated crops

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Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding human evolution?

CHOOSE 3.

• The first humans evolved in Africa.

• Once humans evolved bipedality, tool use, and larger brains, they stopped evolving.

• The fossil record contains animals with features that are intermediate between those of modern humans and quadrupedal apes.

• In the most recent phase of human evolution, there has been a greater reliance on culture.

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