Natural Selection, Evolution, History of Earth Study Guide

the process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce.

• adaptation

• natural selection

• niche

• competition

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an inherited behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

• adaptation

• natural selection

• niche

• competition

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What is a common ancestor?

• An animal that has a lot of offspring.

• An animal from which two or more different species evolved.

• An animal that is related to many other species.

• An animal that's good at escaping from predators.

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What is least likely to be an example of a variation within a species?

• height

• hair color

• eye color

• number of legs

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In the phrase "survival of the fittest," the term "fittest" refers to:

• The best-adapted organisms

• The biggest organisms

• The smartest organisms

• The fastest organisms

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When nature "selects" a variation, that means that the trait:

• Gets passed along from generation to generation

• Causes the population to shrink

• Has brought about a new species

• Helps prey escape predators

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Dogs are an example of:

• A common ancestor

• Selective breeding

• The natural pace of evolution

• Extinction rates rising

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On Darwin's tree of life, organisms at the base of a branch:

• Go extinct from environmental pressures.

• Evolve into the closest species on the tree's trunk.

• Give rise to species farther down the branch.

• Are less fit than species in the middle of a branch.

Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?

• Charles Darwin
• Albert Einstein
• Steven Hawking
• Isaac Newton

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When every organism of a species has died.

• Evolution
• Natural Selection
• Extinction
• Artificial Selection

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