Pre-Exam Revision

The 4 psychological approaches are?

• Behaviourist

  Humanist

  Cognitive

  Psychodynamic

• Behaviourist

  Human

  Cognitive

  Psychodynamic

• Behaviourist

  Humanist

  Cognitive

  Physiological

• Behaviourial

  Humanist

  Cognitive

  Physiological

Behaviourists say what?

• All behaviour is from genetics

• All behaviour is from the environment/

  conditioning

• All behaviour is from a mixture of environment and genetics

• All behaviour can be explained

Answer explanation

Classical and

Operant conditioning-positive and negative reinforcement

Pavlov's dogs

Skinners rats

Bandura-Social modelling-Bobo doll

Psychodynamic approach says what?

• All behaviour is explained by unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences

• All behaviour is explained by conscious thoughts and adult experiences

• All behaviour is explained by conscious thoughts and childhood experiences

• All behaviour is explained by unconscious thoughts and adult experiences

Answer explanation

Freud

Iceberg analogy, conscious, pre-conscious and un-conscious

Personality (psyche) is split into 3 parts, ID, EGO and SUPEREGO-must work in harmony to have a healthy mind

ID-instincts

EGO-reality

SUPEREGO-morality

Cognitive approach says what?

• Explain behaviour by reviewing the brains thought processes

• Explain behaviour by reviewing the brains processes

• Explain behaviour by reviewing the thought processes used by the brain in reaching decisions

• Explain behaviour by reviewing the thought processes used by the brain

Answer explanation

Cognitive therapies are used to treat mental health conditions

The brain is compared to a computer

Cognitive interview technique-

-Context reinstatement (CR)

-Report everything (RE)

-Recall from a changed perspective (CP)

-Recall in reverse order (RO

The Humanist approach says what?

• All behaviour can be explained by a need to live

• All behaviour can be explained by free will

• All behaviour can be explained by personal choice

• All behaviour can be explained by free will and personal choice

Answer explanation

Maslow and Rogers

Maslow-hierarchy of needs

Self-actualisation and positive regard

Therapy-client is responsible for finding a solution not the therapist

Personality theories can be explained by;

• All of these

• Type A & B

  Trait

• Introversion and extroversion

• Conscious and un-conscious

Answer explanation

Type A-time conscious etc

Type B-relaxed and stress free

Trait theory-genetics-introverts and extroverts

Situational theory says what?

• Our behaviour is dependent on the situation we may find ourselves in

• Our behaviour is dependent on the situation we are happy with

• Our behaviour is dependent on the situation we are in

• Our behaviour is dependent on the situation we are not happy with

Answer explanation

Zimbardo-prison experiment and relates to Banduras Social Learning theory

The 3 key elements to Planned behaviour theory are?

• Attitude towards behaviour

  Social standing

  Perceived behavioural control

• Attitude towards behaviour

  Social norms

  Perceived behavioural understanding

• Attitude towards social norms

  Social norms

  Perceived behavioural control

• Attitude towards behaviour

  Social norms

  Perceived behavioural control

Answer explanation

1-an individual's belief that the behaviour will make a positive or negative contribution towards their life.

2-They include peer opinion of the individual, social norms and cultural beliefs.

3-this is the individual’s own belief on how easy or hard it is to display a certain behaviour or act in a certain way

Attitudes can change as a result of?

• Previous experience

  Modelling the

  behaviour of others

  Cultural differences

• Previous behaviour

  Modelling the

  behaviour of others

  Cultural influences

• Previous experience

  Modelling the

  behaviour of others

  Cultural influences

• Previous experience

  Modelling the

  behaviour of yourself

  Cultural influences

Obedience can be confused with what

• Compliance

• Authority

• Discipline

• Conformity

Answer explanation

Conscious obedience

Chose to follow and order as a result-may be out of the normal realm of your job

Un-conscious obedience-routine orders you just follow/do without thinking