A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.

• mental set

• confirmation bias

• functional fixedness

• fixation

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well them seem to match particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information.

• availability heuristic

• functional fixedness

• representative fixedness

• mental set

The way an issue is posed; can significantly affect decisions and judgments

• language

• Phoneme

• morpheme

• framing

The worldwide phenomenon that intelligence scores are improving

• Forgetting Curve

• Linguistic determinism

• Flynn Effect

• Stanford-Binet

factor that according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

• IQ

• General Intelligence (g)

• EQ

• aptitude

Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

• overconfidence

• misinformation effect

• confirmation bias

• belief perseverance

All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

• cognition

• priming

• prototype

• retrieval

A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to this provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories.

• prototype

• cognition

• algortihm

• mental set

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier- but also more error-prone use of heuristics.

• algorithm

• heursitics

• mnemonic

• mental set

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common.

• availability heuristic

• representativeness heuristic

• functional fixedness

• mental set