Psychology(9990) ,Case studies and Start of experiments

What does the term 'Case studies' mean?

• A study done over a long period of time with regular intervals

• A study done on 1 single unit with great ,great detail using triangualtion

• A study done at 1 point in time in a short interval

• A scientific research method where the change in the DV is thought to be because of the IV

What's NOT an example of a case study?

• Phineas Gage,a man who was impaled with a tamping iron

• Baby Albert,an 11-month old child who had fear instilled in him

• The study at Stanford Prison where there were students who took roles of inmates and prisoners

• "Tan",who was a stroke victim in which the only word he could say was in fact "Tan"

One advantage of a Case study is...

• Useful for rare,unusual and dramatic cases

• Objective,so no bias therefore valid results

• High reliability,so results can be replicated to gain same or similar results

• Representative so generalizations can be made

What's a disadvantage of a case study?

• Low ecological validity and lack of mundane realism since it's usually done in an unnatural setting with an abnormal task

• Relies on retrospective data since past events are asked about and memory is reconstructive

• Demand characteristics are present since participants are likely to figure out the aim

• Body language and facial expressions can be used to tell if a participant is lying

What's the definition of Longitudinal study?

• A type of self report where participants have to read and fll out long questions

• A study with different research methods such as interviews,observations and questionnaires

• A study with participants from different backgrounds to increase diversity

• A study that takes place over a long period of time while visiting them at regular intervals

What's NOT a strength of Longitudinal studies?

• Quick way to collect data so not time-consuming

• Controlled participant variables and individual differences

• Tracked development of participant due to recorded baseline at the start

• Researchers can study growth especially the effects of aging

What's a disadvantage of Longitudinal studies?

• It's impossible to study behaviour change over time,so no long-term effect can be investigated

• More expensive setup

• Participant attrition due to constantly changing circumstances

• Lacks reliability so behaviours cannot be replicated to gain same or similar results

What's the meaning of Snapshot studies?

• A research method that collects data through watching and using behavioral categories

• A study that takes place at just one point in time,usually for a few minutes

• A study on a single unit with great,great detail using methodological pluralism

• A study where participants are interviewed together to gain multiple perspectives

A disadvantage of Snapshot studies is...

• Usually lacks quantitative data so no explanations given or insight into causes and motives

• Extremely time-consuming

• Due to attachment,loss of objectivity invalidates results

• Once started,no new variables could be introduced so change isn't possible

What's a strength for Snapshot studies?

• The researcher measures what they claim to measure so hgh internal validity

• Cheap so not costly to researcher

• High ecological validity and mundane realism so can be generalised to other locations

• Collects preliminary and introductory evidence before great use of resources to happen