Applications of Hydrocarbons and Halogenoalkanes

What is produced in an incomplete combustion reaction?

• CO₂ and H₂O only

• CO only

• CO and C along with H₂O and even CO₂

• C (solid) only

Acid Rain affects the pH of soils and surface water bodies, like lakes and streams. The increase in pH destroys flora and fauna.

• TRUE

• FALSE

In the stratosphere, CFCs are exposed to high-energy radiation from the sun, which can cause photodissociation of the weaker C-Cl bonds, to form chlorine radicals. What type of bond cleavage occurs in photodissociation? Type your answer.

Undecane can be cracked into heptane and one other olefinic (or alkene) hydrocarbon. How many hydrogens does this other hydrocarbon have?

• 6

• 8

• 10

• 12

Natural gas is a type of fossil fuel which we necessarily need today as a source of energy and raw material. Which of these hydrocarbons hugely make up this fuel (about 60% to 80% depending on source)?

• methane

• ethane

• propane

• butane

Before crude oil can be used, it must first be separated into fractions and be refined further. Which process BEST allows the separation of a crude oil mixture into purer forms with more specific applications?

• Steam Distillation

• Fractional Distillation

• Catalytic Cracking

• Catalytic Layering

• Soxhlet Extraction

Acid rain is a mixture of water and other acidic compound. Where it lands, it can affect the pH of soils and surface water bodies, which can harm both flora and fauna within the affected areas. Which of these gaseous compounds, when mixed with water, contributes to the formation of acid rain most commonly or most significantly?

• carbon monoxide

• dinitrogen oxide

• nitrogen dioxide

• carbon dioxide

How can greenhouse gases still become necessary for maintaining the livability of the Earth?

• A. Greenhouse gases are also needed by plants to photosynthesize and produce both food and oxygen.

• B.   Greenhouse gases can react with ozone to create a thicker and more efficient ozone layer.

• C.   Greenhouse gases can absorb portions of infrared radiation leaving the Earth’s surface to maintain the planet’s temperature.

• Both A and C.

Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs were created as safer alternatives for toxic refrigerants, and soon were mass-produced by companies as coolants and propellants. However, it was soon discovered that this compound can actually cause more harm than good, since it slowly destroyed the stratospheric ozone layer which we need as protection from the sunlight’s UV rays. Which atom in CFCs reacts most with ozone and oxygen thereby causing the thinning of the ozone layer?

• C

• H

• F

• Cl

Petroleum or crude oil contains hydrocarbons of one (1) up to how many carbon atoms?

• 10

• 20

• 30

• 40