Chapter 2 Vocabulary

smallest basic unit of matter

• atom
• substrate
• molecule
• compound
• catalyst

compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in solution.

• acid
• solvent
• base
• solute
• reactant

energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction.

• activation energy
• solution
• molecule
• lipid
• exothermic

attraction between molecules of different substances.

• adhesion
• solute
• cohesion
• pH
• ion

molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

• amino acid
• reactant
• product
• fatty acid
• nucleotide

compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in solution.

• base
• protein
• acid
• solvent
• equilibrium

amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms.

• bond energy
• product
• amino acid
• polymer
• monomer

molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches.

• carbohydrate
• polymer
• protein
• lipd
• nucleic acid

substance that decreases the activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction.

• catalyst
• pH
• carbohydrate
• product
• element

process by which substances change into different substances through breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

• chemical reaction
• nucleic acid
• pH
• ion
• molecule