Psych

a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier-but also more error prone-use of heuristics.

• Deep processing

• Framing

• Algorithm

judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead is to ignore other relevant information

• Heuristic

• Representative heuristic

• Availability heuristic

A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin).

• Concept

• Prototype

• Algorithm

the tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimating the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.

• Overconfidence

• Inductive reasoning

• Shallow processing

a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that had been successful in the past.

• Mental set

• Convergent thinking

• Divergent thinking

the process by which a general conclusion is reached from evaluating specific observations or situations. i.e. If a child puts his or her hand into a bag of candy and withdraws three pieces, all of which are red, he or she may conclude that all the candy is red.

• Deductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

• Insight

a simple thinking strategy that often allows is to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms.

• Heuristic

• Availability heuristic

• Representative heuristic

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is manipulated can significantly affect decisions and judgments.

• Framing

• Fixation

• Prototype

the inability to see a problem form a new perspective, by employing a different mental set.

• Intuition

• Fixation

• Mental set

happens when we encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words with similar meaning.

• Deep processing

• Shallow processing