psychology

Three key elements of the scientific attitude are:

• curiosity, skepticism, and humility.

• ingenuity, practicality, and certainty.

• certainty, creativity, and curiosity.

• pride, enthusiasm, and ingenuity.

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of

• maladaptive and adaptive behaviors

• behavior and mental processes (thoughts and feelings)

• conscious and unconscious mental activity.

• observable responses to the environment.

The birth of psychology is often attributed to Wilhelm Wundt because he pioneered the investigation of mental processes by

• using a biopsychosocial approach

• adopting an evolutionary perspective.

• conducting the first psychological experiment.

• advocating positive psychology.

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as

• humanistic psychology

• positive psychology

• behaviorism

• cognitive neuroscience

Dr. Robinson conducts research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent?

• industrial-organizational psychology

• social psychology

• clinical psychology

• biological psychology

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a

• clinical psychologist

• psychiatrist

• personality psychologist

• developmental psychologist

Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding

• conscious and unconscious thought.

• nature and nurture.

• behavior and mental processes.

• correlation and causation.

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

• dismiss the value of skepticism

• reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested.

• overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.

• exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome.

Testing hypotheses and refining theories in light of those tests is central to

• the scientific method

• informed consent

• debriefing

• the testing effect.

Which of the following is a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables?

• a correlational coefficient

• a random sample

• the SQ3R

• an independent variable