From 1400 to 1750, Eurasian rulers sponsored the arts primarily for which of the following reasons?

To display power and legitimize their rule

To spend excess money collected in taxes

To encourage tourism and pilgrimages

To increase employment opportunities for struggling artists

The portrait of Emperor Jahangir was most likely a symbolic representation of which of the following?

The expanding power of the Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire’s scientific achievements

The extended travels of Emperor Jahangir to Eurasian pilgrimage sites

The Mughal Empire’s control of global trade networks

Which of the following was the most likely purpose of the portraits of the emperor?

To glorify his rule through the sponsorship of artworks

To demonstrate the Mughal Empire’s conversion to Islam

To honor the continued influence of Hellenistic art forms in India

To represent the Mughal belief in the emperor’s divinity

“Concerning his greatest project, the Selimiye imperial mosque, Sinan himself said this: ‘Sultan Selim II [reigned 1566-1574] ordered the building of a great mosque in the city of Edirne. I, Sinan, his humble servant, prepared for him a design showing four minaret towers, each standing at one of the four corners of an enormous central prayer hall topped by a great dome. Each of the four minarets had three balconies, with separate staircases leading to each balcony. Previously only one Ottoman mosque had a minaret with three balconies, and its one minaret is like a thick tower. But the minarets I designed for Sultan Selim’s mosque are slender and elegant. The difficulty of putting three staircases in such slender structures should be obvious to anyone. Those among the Christians* who consider themselves architects used to say that no building can ever be covered by a dome that is larger than that of the Christian church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. They used to claim that no Muslim architect would ever be able to build a mosque whose dome even approaches in size that of the Hagia Sophia. Yet in the Selimiye mosque, with the help of God and with the support of His Majesty the Sultan, I was able to build a dome that is about 10 feet higher and 6 feet wider than the dome of the Hagia Sophia.’” *Sinan himself was born into an Ottoman Greek Christian family, but was converted to Islam when he began training for government service as a young boy. Sai Mustafa Chelebi, Ottoman court official, biography of the famous Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, written circa 1600 Sinan’s service to the Ottoman state best illustrates the fact that land-based empires in the period 1450–1750 often relied on

methods of recruitment of officials that made use of the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects

appointed bureaucrats to break the power of entrenched landed aristocracies

mass conscription of soldiers to carry out their territorial expansion

members of the clergy to perform religious services, administer religious law, and oversee public order

“Concerning his greatest project, the Selimiye imperial mosque, Sinan himself said this: ‘Sultan Selim II [reigned 1566-1574] ordered the building of a great mosque in the city of Edirne. I, Sinan, his humble servant, prepared for him a design showing four minaret towers, each standing at one of the four corners of an enormous central prayer hall topped by a great dome. Each of the four minarets had three balconies, with separate staircases leading to each balcony. Previously only one Ottoman mosque had a minaret with three balconies, and its one minaret is like a thick tower. But the minarets I designed for Sultan Selim’s mosque are slender and elegant. The difficulty of putting three staircases in such slender structures should be obvious to anyone. Those among the Christians* who consider themselves architects used to say that no building can ever be covered by a dome that is larger than that of the Christian church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. They used to claim that no Muslim architect would ever be able to build a mosque whose dome even approaches in size that of the Hagia Sophia. Yet in the Selimiye mosque, with the help of God and with the support of His Majesty the Sultan, I was able to build a dome that is about 10 feet higher and 6 feet wider than the dome of the Hagia Sophia.’” *Sinan himself was born into an Ottoman Greek Christian family, but was converted to Islam when he began training for government service as a young boy. Sai Mustafa Chelebi, Ottoman court official, biography of the famous Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, written circa 1600 Based on the intended purpose of Sinan's biography, it is most likely that the information in the passage might be

overstating the extent of the architectural challenges Sinan faced in building the mosque

understating the extent of Ottoman royal support for the building of the mosque

overstating Christian architects’ achievements and their contributions to the building on the mosque

intentionally attributing the building of the mosque to Sinan even though he was not the architect

“Concerning his greatest project, the Selimiye imperial mosque, Sinan himself said this: ‘Sultan Selim II [reigned 1566-1574] ordered the building of a great mosque in the city of Edirne. I, Sinan, his humble servant, prepared for him a design showing four minaret towers, each standing at one of the four corners of an enormous central prayer hall topped by a great dome. Each of the four minarets had three balconies, with separate staircases leading to each balcony. Previously only one Ottoman mosque had a minaret with three balconies, and its one minaret is like a thick tower. But the minarets I designed for Sultan Selim’s mosque are slender and elegant. The difficulty of putting three staircases in such slender structures should be obvious to anyone. Those among the Christians* who consider themselves architects used to say that no building can ever be covered by a dome that is larger than that of the Christian church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. They used to claim that no Muslim architect would ever be able to build a mosque whose dome even approaches in size that of the Hagia Sophia. Yet in the Selimiye mosque, with the help of God and with the support of His Majesty the Sultan, I was able to build a dome that is about 10 feet higher and 6 feet wider than the dome of the Hagia Sophia.’” *Sinan himself was born into an Ottoman Greek Christian family, but was converted to Islam when he began training for government service as a young boy. Sai Mustafa Chelebi, Ottoman court official, biography of the famous Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, written circa 1600 Which of the following characteristics of the Ottoman Empire best explains why Sinan was determined to match the dimensions of the Hagia Sophia church, as discussed in the third paragraph?

Bringing Constantinople, with its imperial traditions, under Islamic rule was one of the central pillars of Ottoman rulers’ claims to political legitimacy.

The Ottoman dynasty was descended from Turkic pastoralist nomads who did not have their own tradition of monumental architecture.

By the time the Ottoman Empire began to expand, the Byzantine Empire had already been dramatically reduced in size and geopolitical importance.

Ottoman art often illustrated the historical and spiritual connections between Islam and other monotheistic religions, such as Christianity and Judaism.

Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and the Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?

Each had developed an efficient administrative structure.

In each, the majority of the people were Muslims.

Each had a powerful navy that engaged European navies.

Each enjoyed peaceful relations with its neighboring states.

Each gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.

Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?

Both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies.

In both empires the majority of the people were Muslims.

Both empires had powerful navies that engaged European navies.

Both empires gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.

Which of the following is true of both the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire between 1450 and 1750 ?

Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia.

The rulers of both believed in strictly separating secular and religious concerns.

The top administrators in both empires were chosen by a system of competitive examinations.

Christianity was prohibited in both empires.

Both empires experienced a drastic decline in population after 1500 owing to the spread of diseases brought as a result of contact with Europeans.

Which of the following is a similarity between the Ottoman and Chinese governments during the period 1450—1750 ?

An extensive governmental bureaucracy

The dominance of the imperial government by a landed aristocracy

The creation of overseas colonial holdings

Heavy reliance on overseas trade for government revenues

Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750?

Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe

Its success in creating alliances with European powers to expel Turkish invaders from the south

The eradication of Islam from Central Asia

The fall of the kingdoms of Poland and Prussia

Which of the following was a method rulers in Eurasia used to legitimize and consolidate their power during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?

Developing professional militaries

Adopting the religious practices of minority groups

Enacting reforms to decrease economic and social inequalities

The changes depicted in the map were mostly a result of which of the following?

The decline of surrounding empires and the Ottoman Empire’s use of gunpowder weapons

The Ottoman alliance with France against rival Christian powers

The Ottoman Empire’s unrivaled naval superiority in the Mediterranean

The power vacuum left by the collapse of the Umayyad caliphate

Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty in the seventeenth century?

The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices

The ongoing assimilation of Manchu cultural traditions by the imperial elite

Maintenance of the Silk Roads to promote cultural exchanges with the Middle East

Financial support for maritime expeditions similar to those led by Zheng He

Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century?

The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.

The Mughals practiced religious tolerance toward non-Muslim subjects, while the Ottomans did not.

The Mughals used gunpowder weapons to expand their territory, while the Ottomans did not.

The Ottomans made Shia Islam the official state religion, while the Mughals made Buddhism the official state religion.

Which of the following contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire’s successful expansion in Europe and the Middle East in the period from 1450 to 1600 ?

The Ottomans’ adoption of the latest gunpowder and artillery technology

The Ottomans’ use of revenues from transoceanic trade to build a powerful army

The Ottomans’ use of nomadic tribes as cavalry troops

The Ottomans’ exploitation of Muslim desire to avenge the crusades

Which of the following factors contributed most to Manchu expansion in Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

The use of cannons and gunpowder

The development of large trading companies

The adoption of Buddhist beliefs

The military alliances with western European states

Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following factors contributed most directly to the Mughal Empire’s territorial expansion in South Asia?

The Mughals’ adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons

The Mughals’ adoption of Sikhism

The Mughals’ friendly relations with neighboring states, such as the Safavid Empire and Tibet

The Mughal emperors’ claims that they were directly descended from Genghis Khan

Between 1450 and 1750, empires such as the Ottoman and Chinese shared which of the following?

The use of a large bureaucracy to support the government

Dependence on trade as the main basis for the economy

An elite fighting force made up primarily of slaves

Continual military campaigns against European armies

Taken together, the image best supports which of the following claims regarding developments in the period from 1450 to 1750 ?

Gunpowder technology facilitated the expansion of land-based empires.

European military technology was inferior to Asian military technology.

Rulers served as military commanders and typically led armies into battle themselves.

Religious divisions were not a significant source of military conflict.

“[D]espite his ferocity, his military genius and his shrewd adaptation of tribal politics to his imperial purpose, Tamerlane’s* system fell apart at his death. As he himself may have grasped intuitively, it was no longer possible to. . . build a Eurasian empire on [nomadic] foundations. . . . The Ottomans, the Mamluk state in Egypt and Syria, the Muslim sultanate in northern India, and above all China were too resilient to be swept away by his lightning campaigns. Indeed Tamerlane’s death marked in several ways the end of a long phase in global history. His empire was the last real attempt to challenge the partition of Eurasia between the states of the Far West, Islamic Middle Eurasia and Confucian East Asia. Secondly, his political experiments and ultimate failure revealed that power had begun to shift back decisively from the nomad empires to the settled states. . . . Lastly, his passing coincided with the first signs of a change in the existing pattern of long-distance trade, the [overland Silk Road route] that he had fought to control. Within a few decades after his death, the idea of a world empire ruled from Samarkand [Tamerlane’s Central Asian capital] had become [a fantasy].” *a Turko-Mongolic ruler who conquered much of Central Asia and the Middle East in the late 1300s and early 1400s. John Darwin, British historian, After Tamerlane: The Rise and Fall of Global Empires, 1400–2000, published in 2008 Which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 could best be used as evidence to modify Darwin’s argument in the first paragraph about the establishment of Eurasian empires on “nomadic foundations”?

The establishment of the Safavid Empire

The creation of the Ottoman Empire

The Ming overthrow of the Yuan dynasty in China

Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above?

To demonstrate their wealth and power

To provide jobs for artists, architects, and builders

To create fortresses as a defense against invading armies

To glorify and demonstrate the power of the official state religion

APWH Unit 3 MC

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This quiz focuses on land-based empires during the period 1450-1750, specifically examining the Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid, and other Eurasian empires. The content is appropriate for Advanced Placement World History (grades 10-12), as it requires sophisticated analytical skills and deep understanding of global historical patterns. Students need to master several core concepts to succeed with these questions: the role of gunpowder technology in imperial expansion, methods of legitimizing political authority through art and architecture, administrative systems including the devshirme recruitment system, comparative analysis of different empire-building strategies, and the transition from nomadic to settled imperial foundations. The questions demand high-level thinking skills including analysis of primary sources, evaluation of historical arguments, identification of continuities and changes over time, and synthesis of information across multiple empires and regions. This quiz was created by a classroom teacher who designed it for students studying AP World History Unit 3. This assessment serves as an excellent review tool for the land-based empires unit, helping students synthesize complex historical concepts through multiple-choice questions that mirror AP exam formatting. Teachers can use this quiz effectively as a summative assessment after completing the unit, as homework to reinforce key concepts, or as targeted review before the AP exam. The questions support formative assessment by revealing student understanding of comparative imperial strategies, technological impacts on political development, and source analysis skills. This content aligns with AP World History Course and Exam Description Learning Objectives 3.1.A (explain how rulers used gunpowder empires to legitimize and consolidate power), 3.1.B (explain how land-based empires expanded), and 3.1.C (explain the continuities and changes in systems of slavery), supporting the College Board's emphasis on analyzing imperial consolidation and expansion patterns across Eurasia.

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31 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?

States increasingly relied on slave soldiers to establish large empires.

The invention of the stirrup allowed expanding states to use cavalry more effectively.

The development of new types of armor reduced casualties and allowed states to expand faster than before.

States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

Answer explanation

The image illustrates the Mughals using cannons against the forces of the sultan of Delhi. Gunpowder weapons were a decisive factor in the Mughal victory in this battle and in their other conquests in Central Asia and India.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450–1750 ?

It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states’ military capabilities grew.

It led to the emergence of new religious disputes over theological interpretations.

It led to the establishment of pan-Eurasian nomadic empires, such as the Mongol Empire.

It led to the adoption of feudal systems of government, as monarchs could not prevent the rising power of military aristocracies.

Answer explanation

The image shows gunpowder weapons contributing to the expansion of the Mughal Empire as a result of its conflict with the Delhi Sultanate. In a similar way, the Ottomans used gunpowder weapons to defeat the Safavids and expand their territory in the Middle East, which drove the Safavids to acquire more gunpowder weapons and improve their armies to resist Ottoman expansion and reconquer lost territories.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT

the Safavid Empire

the Qing (Manchu) Empire

the Aztec (Mexica) Empire

the Ottoman Empire

Answer explanation

Although the Aztec (Mexica) created a very large empire in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries from their power base in the valley of Mexico, they did so without the use of gunpowder weapons. Gunpowder weapons were first introduced to the Americas with the arrival of the Spanish at the end of the fifteenth century.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman army and bureaucracy.
The Ottoman Empire’s recruitment of soldiers and bureaucrats through the system depicted in the image is most similar to which broader method that rulers used to strengthen their empires in the period 1450–1750 ?

The collection of tribute

Establishment of religious uniformity

Abolition of feudal privileges

The granting of autonomy to minority groups

Answer explanation

The image illustrates the Ottoman devshirme system, through which young boys were forcibly recruited to serve as soldiers in the Ottoman army or as officials in the Ottoman administration. Although the devshirme system produced military and bureaucratic professionals, not money or goods for the Ottoman treasury, it was similar to a tribute collection system in that it extracted resources for the use of the state from conquered or tributary regions.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman army and bureaucracy.
The recruitment depicted in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 ?

Attempts by imperial states to expand their economic power

Attempts by imperial states to prevent religious conflict

Attempts by imperial states to centralize their authority

Attempts by imperial states to control population growth

Answer explanation

The forced recruitment of soldiers and officials through practices such as the Ottoman devshirme increased the military and administrative capacity of states. In some cases, such that of the Ottoman Empire, these soldiers and officials were solely dependent on the ruler’s favor and thereby helped expand and centralize state authority.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman army and bureaucracy.
The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450–1750 ?

Rulers using art as a way to communicate with their illiterate subjects

Rulers using art to expand their territories

Rulers using art as a way to increase literacy

Rulers using art to legitimize their rule

Answer explanation

The illustration was included in a manuscript intended to glorify the achievements of Suleiman the Magnificent and thereby demonstrate his legitimacy. The image thus illustrates how art was used by rulers to legitimize their rule in the period 1450–1750.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies.

Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated to conquer.

Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals.

The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation.

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APWH Unit 3 MC

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?

The image illustrates the Mughals using cannons against the forces of the sultan of Delhi. Gunpowder weapons were a decisive factor in the Mughal victory in this battle and in their other conquests in Central Asia and India.

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450–1750 ?

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT

The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman army and bureaucracy.
The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450–1750 ?

The illustration was included in a manuscript intended to glorify the achievements of Suleiman the Magnificent and thereby demonstrate his legitimacy. The image thus illustrates how art was used by rulers to legitimize their rule in the period 1450–1750.

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

From 1400 to 1750, Eurasian rulers sponsored the arts primarily for which of the following reasons?

The portrait of Emperor Jahangir was most likely a symbolic representation of which of the following?

The image of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, whose name in Persian means “holder of the world,” holding a globe is a symbolic representation of the growing power and territorial expansion of the Mughal Empire.

Which of the following was the most likely purpose of the portraits of the emperor?

Mughal rulers often sponsored works of art and architecture to illustrate their power and glorify their rule.

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

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Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Life Skills

APWH Unit 3 MC

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?

The image illustrates the Mughals using cannons against the forces of the sultan of Delhi. Gunpowder weapons were a decisive factor in the Mughal victory in this battle and in their other conquests in Central Asia and India.

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450–1750 ?

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT

The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman army and bureaucracy.The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450–1750 ?

The illustration was included in a manuscript intended to glorify the achievements of Suleiman the Magnificent and thereby demonstrate his legitimacy. The image thus illustrates how art was used by rulers to legitimize their rule in the period 1450–1750.

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

From 1400 to 1750, Eurasian rulers sponsored the arts primarily for which of the following reasons?

The portrait of Emperor Jahangir was most likely a symbolic representation of which of the following?

The image of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, whose name in Persian means “holder of the world,” holding a globe is a symbolic representation of the growing power and territorial expansion of the Mughal Empire.

Which of the following was the most likely purpose of the portraits of the emperor?

Mughal rulers often sponsored works of art and architecture to illustrate their power and glorify their rule.

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Life Skills

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450–1750 ?

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.
The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT

The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman army and bureaucracy.
The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450–1750 ?