What type of outcome are you using if you give a dog praise and positive attention when it performs a behaviour on command?

• Postive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

What type of outcome is this? Releasing the physical pressure of the rein on a horse when it turns right.

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

Which of the following is a term to describe using successive approximations to get to a desired behaviour?

• Classical conditioning

• Fitness

• Shaping

• Habituation

_______ conditioning is a type of learning that affects voluntary, goal-directed behaviour.

• classical

• operant

• imprinting

• hair

A time budget gives an estimate of which of these measures of different behaviours per day?

• Meanings

• Frequencies

• Durations

• Intensity

The kitten is meowing because it cannot see its mother. This is which type of explanation?

• Developmental

• Causal

• Functional

• Phylogenetic

Which of the following might increase an animal's motivation to perform a behaviour? Select all that apply.

• Hunger, if a food reward is expected

• The smell of a favourite food treat waiting

• Discomfort that will stop when they perform the correct behaviour

Which types of learning happen most easily when an animal is very young? Select all correct answers.

• Imprinting

• Habituation to other animals e.g. humans

• Operant conditioning

A _______ stimulus is one that helps an animal distinguish between when performing a behaviour will get a desired outcome and when it will not.

A list of behaviours with clear descriptions to use in scientific observations is called an ________