Earthquake Test

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. Total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area.

• Moment of magnitude scale

• modified Mercalli Scale

• stress

• fault

Match the following terms with definitions.

• fault

• caused when a material is compressed, bent, or stretched

• plastic deformation

• the permanent change in shape of rocks caused by bending or folding

• seismic waves

• the vibrations of the ground during an earthquake

• elastic deformation

• deformation of materials in response to stress

• strain

• Fracture or system of fractures in Earth's crust that occurs when stress is applied to quickly or great.

Match the following

• focus

• The point of failure where the earthquake begins

• Secondary (S waves)

• the size of the seismic waves

• amplitude

• seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave

• Primary (p waves)

• Squeeze and push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling.

• epicenter

• Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus

Match the following

• moment of magnitude scale

• a rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake

• magnitude

• the record made by a seismograph

• seismometer

• Measure of the energy released during an earthquake

• richter scale

• A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves.

• seismogram

• Instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake.

Measures earthquake intensity on a scale from I to XII; the higher the number, the greater the damage the earthquake has caused.

• magnitude

• plastic deformation

• Modified Mercalli Scale

• Moment magnitude scale

Match the following

• Earthquake

• A giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor.

• Tsunami

• seismic vibrations in areas of fluid saturated sand can cause the ground to behave like a liquid.

• seismic gaps

• vibrations in the ground that result from movement along faults, or breaks in the crust

• fault

• break or weakness in Earth's crust

• soil liquefaction

• sections of active faults that haven't experienced significant earthquakes for a long period of time

Match the following

• reverse fault

• two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

• normal fault

• force pushes two blocks of rock together with the rock above the fault moving up

• strike-slip (transform) fault

• when forces pull rocks apart, block of rock above fault moves down

Match the following

• reverse fault location

• transform plate boundary

• normal fault location

• convergent plate boundary

• strike-slip (transform) fault location

• transform plate boundary

Match the following

• tension

• Force that pushes tectonic plates together

• shearing

• stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement

• compression

• Force that pulls tectonic plates apart

How many locations are needed in order to locate an earthquake

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4