Test 1

Straight path

Parabolic path

Elliptical path

Circular path

total internal reflection

polarization

diffraction

refraction

CAT scans

X ray photos

Ultrasound scan

Endoscopy

Coherence

Chromaticity

High intensity

Directionality

Optical region

Optical system

Optical box

Optical resonator

$$10^{-8}$$ s

$$10^{-6}$$ s

$$10^{-3}$$ s

$$10^{-2}$$ s

optical pumping

Electrical pumping

Chemical pumping

Thermal pumping

Diffraction

Dispersion

Interference

Polarization

$$\tan^{-1}\ \left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$$

$$\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)$$

$$\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)$$

$$\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)$$

$$i_p=90^0$$

$$\mu=\tan i_p$$

$$i_p\ -r\ =\ \tan\mu$$

$$i_p=\ \tan\mu$$