Earth's Interior end of year review 2023

Since the time of the Solar System's formation, _______ has caused Earth and the other planets to become layered due to density differences in their materials. Layers near a planet's center are _______ than layers near its surface.

• fusion; less dense

• gravity; less dense

• gravity; denser

• fusion; denser

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Much of the thermal energy within the Earth comes from atoms that decay. What is another major source of thermal energy within the Earth?

• thermal energy from the decay of dead plants and animals

• thermal energy trapped by clouds and water vapor in the atmosphere

• thermal energy absorbed by the Sun at the Earth's crust

• gravitational energy left over from the formation of the Earth

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which statement best explains the high temperatures in Earth's core?

• The high temperatures in the core are partly due to the absorption of heat energy from the Sun.

• S waves and P waves given off by the core release heat, which produces high temperatures in the core.

• The high temperatures in the core are partly due to the heat given off by decaying atoms.

• 

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

When an earthquake occurs, potential energy in the Earth's crust is released and waves of energy move across the Earth. What are these waves called?

• rock waves

• solid waves

• seismic waves

• crust waves

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

An earthquake generates a seismic wave that travels through several layers of the Earth's interior, shown below. The lithosphere is made out of solid rock, the mantle is a combination of solids and liquids, and the outer core is a liquid. The path of the seismic wave changes at the boundaries of each layer because

• each layer has different properties such as density

• seismic waves always change direction after a few miles.

• each layer is made out of the same material.

• the layers are different sizes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

(blue are S waves, red are p waves ) P waves can travel through Earth's outer core, but S waves cannot. S waves can not travel through liquids Because of this, scientists know...

• the outer core is solid.

• the outer core is liquid.

• the outer core is made of rock.

• 

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

Heat travels in slow convection currents of solid materials within Earth's mantle. Heat that rises in these currents...

• is a by-product of frictional forces between Earth's tectonic plates as they slide past one another.

• is a by-product from the decay of atoms in Earth's layers.

• is provided externally by the Sun.

• 

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which of the following are internal sources of Earth's energy that help drive convection currents below the crust?

• light energy produced in Earth's crust

• thermal energy produced by gravity

• left over decaying rocks that went to the earth's core

• 

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Two cities were both 100 miles away from the center of an earthquake, but the vibrations reached one city before they reached the other. Why might the seismic waves have traveled faster to one city than the other?

• It is impossible for waves to travel at different speeds.

• They were traveling through different types of rocks and one way the rock was more dense.

• One city was quieter that the other and the waves traveled faster.

• 

The decay of atoms is a source of internal energy for the Earth because _______ is produced in the decay process.

• heat

• sound

• force

• light

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-4