PEDS CARDIO/Hemo/GI

A newborn is diagnosed with a CHD. The test results reveal that the lumen of the duct between the aorta and pulmonary artery remains open. This defect is known as_____________________

• Coronary stenosis

• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

• PDA- Patent ductus arteriosus

• Ventricular septal defect- VSD

Answer explanation

This is a defect withincreased pulmonary flow. It should closein the first few weeks of life.

Ribbon-like stool in older children is a sign of _________.

• pyloric stenosis

• Hirschsprungs

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Meckels Diverticulum

Sickle cell disease (SCD) primarily affects:

• children of African descent and Hispanics of Caribbean ancestry

• children of Middle-Eastern and Indian descent.

• children of Asian descent.

• oth African descent and Hispanics of Caribbean ancestry and Middle-Eastern and Indian descent

Answer explanation

Sickle cell disease primarily affects children of African descent and Hispanics of Caribbean ancestry. It also occurs in children of Middle-Eastern and Indian descent.

While assessing a newborn with respiratory distress, the nurse auscultates a machinelike heart murmur. Other findings are a wide pulse pressure, periods of apnea,increased PaCO2, and decreased PO2. The nurse suspects that the newborn has:

• Pulmonary hypertension

• A PDA.

• A VSD.

• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Answer explanation

The main identifier in the stem is themachine-like murmur, which is thehallmark of a PDA

Mr. and Mrs. Smith's child has hemophilia; which of the following actions would you instruct them to avoid?

• Immobilizing the joint

• Lowering the injured area

• Applying cold to the area

• Applying pressure

Answer explanation

With hemophilia, the injured area must be elevated, not lowered

For which pathogen does the entire family need to be treated

• E. coli

• Pinworm

• Salmonella

• GERD

Mr. and Mrs. Robertson's son was diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. They should be aware that the drug to be avoided is

• Aspirin

• Codeine

• Morphine

• Acetaminophen

Answer explanation

Aspirin exerts an antiplatelet action and therefore may increase platelet destruction in ITP.

A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant admitted to the pediatric unit for evaluation of a suspected pyloric stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• Metabolic acidosis

• Effortless regurgitation

• Distended abdomen

• Projectile vomiting

Answer explanation

Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the pylorus, the outlet from the stomach to the small intestine, which does not allow for emptying of the stomach contents. Vomiting, which is usually mild at first, becomes more forceful and progresses to projectile vomiting.

A nurse is caring for a child who has disseminated intravascular coagulation and is experiencing epistaxis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• Apply a warm cloth to the bridge of the child's nose.

• Insert cotton into both of the child's nostrils

• Ask the child to gently blow his nose

• Place the child in a supine position.

Answer explanation

The nurse should insert cotton into both the child's nostrils and apply continuous pressure to reduce bleeding.

A nurse is caring for a newborn who is formula fed. The newborn takes 0.5 oz of formula at 0800, 1 oz at 1100, 0.5 oz at 1300, 0.5 oz at 1600, and 0.5 oz at 1830. How many mL of formula should the nurse record as the client's intake for the shift?

• 90 ml

• 89 ml

• 9.0 ml

• 0.5 ml