Practice Quiz 3.2 - Evolution

Snow hares color in winter is white, but changes in the summer to a brown color. The color change in these animals occurs seasonally, but some do not change in color and stay brown year-round. The hares that do not change color are rare in the population. If climate change continues to allow for less snow every year, what will happen to this population?

• There will be an increase in the hares that do not change color in the population because of more predation on white hares due to the reduction in snow coverage.

• White hares will remain the dominant color variation because their numbers are too high for predation to remove.

• The population will remain the same because color variation in the winter and summer does not have an effect on population size.

• Hares that do not change color will increase in numbers because they will be able to be seen better by other hares to reproduce in the winter.

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In the earliest stages of development, a tail and gill slits can be seen in fish, birds, rabbits, and mammals. This statement is an example of which evidence for evolution?

•     Homologous structures

• Analogous structures

• Embryological development

• Fossil evidence

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Genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and recombination are often cited as other evolutionary mechanisms besides natural selection. But these mechanisms can also interact with natural selection. Which statement best explains how other evolutionary mechanisms affect natural selection?

• They negate the effects of natural selection.

• They always increase the effects of natural selection.

• They always oppose the direction of natural selection.

• They provide genetic variation upon which natural selection can act.

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Variation within a species is one of the main causes of evolutionary change. For example, in deer there is a variation in speed; some deer are slower than others. This can lead to an evolutionary change in the population in the future. What is the original cause of the variation within a species?

• A random mutation in the DNA of an organism.

• Predation of the organism causes variation within the species.

• Organisms acquiring characteristics during their lifetime.

• Organisms were created with inherent variation.

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When comparing characteristics of two organisms, which evidence would be considered the strongest for supporting a possible evolutionary relationship?

• The two organisms are the same color.

• The two organisms produce many of the same proteins.

• The two organisms are the same height.

• The two organisms are found in the same locations.

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Natural selection produces changes most quickly in...

• species with short reproductive cycles.

• complex multicellular organisms.

• individual pathogens killed by antibiotics.

• individuals that produce a small number of offspring.

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In the Florida Keys, there is a species of deer called Key deer. The population of Key deer are physically small in size when compared to white-tailed deer, and their population numbers are very small. Because of their small numbers, scientists decided to bring in some white-tailed deer from other areas to increase the genetic variation of the population. This change in the genetics caused the Key deer population to have an increase in size. What mechanism of evolution caused this change?

• Bottleneck Effect

• Founder Effect

• Natural Selection

• Gene Flow

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A small group of squirrels gets separated from the rest of the population due to a large flood. These squirrels, now confined to this new island, begin to start a new population. This is an example of which of the following?

• Sympatric Speciation

• Founder Effect

• Gene Flow

• Bottleneck Effect

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Which of the following are true about natural selection?

• It can cause an individual to become better adapted over its lifetime.

• It always results in bigger, stronger individuals.

• It acts on existing heritable [DNA, gene] variation.

• It means that certain species have a programmed plan for evolution.

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Whales, humans, and bats all have the same bones in their arms. These bones show up in different arrangements, sizes, and shapes. The fact that these three organisms have the same bones gives evidence for evolution. What is this called and what evidence does it provide?

• Analogous structures; they come from a common ancestor

• Homologous structures; they come from a common ancestor

• Analogous structures; they do not come from a common ancestor

• Homologous structures; they do not come from a common ancestor

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