Disease and Epidemiology

What is the main difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

• Communicable diseases are caused by bacteria only

• Non-communicable diseases cannot be spread from person to person

• Communicable diseases only affect animals

• Non-communicable diseases are only caused by environmental factors

• None of the above

Which of the following is an example of an epidemic?

• Malaria in a low-income tropical area

• Cholera in a population due to contaminated water

• Tuberculosis in an isolated community

• Polio in regions with vaccination coverage

• None of the above

What factor can lead to the outbreak of an epidemic?

• Stable conditions in the population

• Effective public health measures

• Changes in the host, agent, or environment

• Herd immunity

• All of the above

Which of the following is the term used to describe the occurrence of new cases in a population?

• Incidence

• Prevalence

• Mortality

• Morbidity

• Endemic

Which disease is considered a pandemic due to its global distribution?

• Smallpox

• Influenza A

• Malaria

• Measles

• None of the above

What does herd immunity refer to in public health?

• Immunity developed by an individual

• Protection of a population due to a high proportion of immune individuals

• A community's collective resistance to diseases

• Both B and C

• None of the above

What is the purpose of quarantine in public health?

• To isolate infected individuals

• To monitor individuals who may have been exposed to a disease

• To treat individuals with infectious diseases

• To vaccinate individuals

• None of the above

Which of the following is NOT an example of a common vehicle for pathogen dispersal?

• Water

• Food

• Air

• Direct person-to-person contact

• All are common vehicles

What does the term 'endemic' refer to in the context of infectious diseases?

• Diseases that are present in high numbers worldwide

• Diseases that are only found in animals

• Diseases that are constantly present in a population within a geographic area

• Diseases that occur sporadically

• None of the above

Which phase of infection is characterized by the highest intensity of symptoms?

• Prodromal phase

• Invasive phase

• Decline phase

• Convalescence phase

• None of the above