Unit 4 and 5 Growth of a Nation, Sectionalism, and Reform

What was one way the United States was affected by the outcome of the War of 1812?

• Taking over British lands after the war caused a significant increase in the nation’s population.

• Re-establishing trade with Britain led to a decrease in the desire for domestic manufacturing.

• Successfully defeating the British a second time led to a rise in nationalism.

• Forming a political alliance with Britain led to more political stability in the nation.

This is an excerpt from an 1803 Supreme Court ruling written by Chief Justice John Marshall.

It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases, must of necessity expound and interpret that rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each.

Why was the ruling in this case significant?

• It increased the number of federal judges.

• It weakened the power of the federal government.

• It gave states the power to nullify unconstitutional laws.

• It affirmed the principle of judicial review.

This is an excerpt from a speech given by President James Monroe to Congress in 1823.

The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects to future colonization by any European power.

Based on this excerpt, President Monroe supported which foreign policy goal?

• preventing European intervention in countries close to the United States

• entering new alliances with European nations in order to promote colonialism

• forcing European nations to discontinue trade with the United States

• stopping the European practice of impressment

This is a map of the territories acquired by the United States.

Which numbered territory was acquired through the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1821?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Why were steamboats a crucial innovation as the United States expanded westward in the early 19th century?

• Steamboats were cheap to build, easy to operate, and had perfect safety records.

• Steamboats could reliably travel upriver, making transportation quicker and easier.

• Steamboats operated in every state, connecting the entire country into one trade network.

• Steamboats could quickly be taken apart and reassembled to cross dry land.

In the early 1800s, why did northern cities grow rapidly as they industrialized?

• People moved to cities to take jobs in factories.

• Cities became cleaner and safer places to live.

• Cities lacked the ethnic discrimination that existed in rural areas.

• People were able to afford high-quality housing in cities.

This chart lists characteristics of the South in the early 1800s.

Based on this information, what conclusion can be drawn about southern society in this time period?

• It was structured to encourage people to improve their economic situations.

• It was structured to ensure people had equal access to public services.

• It was structured to promote the growth of business and industry.

• It was structured to distribute wealth, power, and social influence unevenly.

How did the use of interchangeable parts affect industrialization in the United States? Select two that apply.

• It reduced dependency on skilled artisans to manufacture goods.

• It increased the cost to manufacture goods.

• It made it necessary to hire skilled laborers to manufacture specialized goods.

• It increased the time it took to manufacture goods.

• It made it possible for unskilled laborers to manufacture complex goods.

In the early 1800s, what motivation for coming to the United States did most immigrants share?

• to work in western gold mines

• to have better opportunities

• to escape religious persecution

• to attend educational institutions

This is an excerpt from Frederick Douglass’s autobiography entitled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave published in 1845.

In this excerpt, Douglass was discussing which passive form of resistance that was common among enslaved people?

• using songs and music to express their true feelings

• hiding in the woods to escape work for a short time

• breaking tools to slow the pace of work

• participating in secret religious services