Unit 7: Ideas Change the World

What kind of economic shift took place in Europe during the Renaissance that made art thrive at such a prolific rate?

• Introduction of paper currency that was in higher demand by artists

• Creation of a barter system that allowed artists to trade more easily

• Growth of a merchant class with additional income used to patron the arts

• Development of government programs that paid for the education of artists

The Protestant Reformation brought about a new theological philosophy that contained the notion of -

• good works

• salvation by grace

• sacramental traditions

• indulgences as forgiveness

The 1534 Act of Supremacy altered England's religious practices by —

• protecting the monasteries in England from Papal abuses

• allowing for the spread of the Lutheran religion to England

• making the monarch the head of the Christian church in England

• installing the Archbishop of Canterbury as the spiritual leader of England

How did the Reformation alter Europe's political landscape?

• The Pope became the political advisor to many European monarchs.

• Eastern Europe became vulnerable to the advances of the Ottomans.

• Monarchies were overthrown and Protestant theocracies were created.

• Nobles aligned with either Catholic or Protestant traditions and went to war.

Galileo Galilei exemplified which new approach to scientific thought?

• Rejecting religious teachings about the physical world

• Using direct observation instead of relying on previous beliefs

• Employing laboratories to confirm the results of theories

• Adhering to the practices passed down by the Greeks and Romans

How did the Catholic Church react to the Reformation's effects on religion?

• It allowed Catholic priests to marry.

• It launched a Counter-Reformation.

• It replaced the Pope with a new leader.

• It issued an English translation of the Bible.

How did the Enlightenment contribute to the growth of democratic-republican government?

• The ideas of the Enlightenment were in favor of absolute monarchies.

• In response to ideas from the Age of Enlightenment, the Catholic Church's influence increased.

• During the Enlightenment, new concepts concerning individual rights were introduced.

• A large number of Enlightenment philosophers supported bloody uprisings.

Which scientist from the sixteenth century put forward the heliocentric theory, which Galileo eventually endorsed?

• Robert Boyle

• Isaac Newton

• Eli Whitney

• Nicolaus Copernicus

Robert Boyle's scientific investigations in the seventeenth century had the greatest impact in the field of —

• physics

• biology

• chemistry

• medicine

What was the most immediate cause of the Reformation?

• Erasmus’ publishing of The Praise of Folly

• Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-five Theses

• John Calvin’s establishment of a theocracy in Geneva

• Henry VIII’s plea to Pope Clement VII for an annulment