Sociology exam

• French (1798-1857)

One of the first scientists to apply the theories of physical science to studying society • Considered the father of Sociology • Coined the term Sociology​ ​ (a)  

• August Comte
• Harriet Martineau
• Herbert Spencer
• Emile Durkheim
• Karl Marx
• Max Weber

British (1802-1876)

​ • Translated the works of Comte to English • Broadened field of Sociological study • Believed principles of study should be to improve societal conditions

​ ​ ​ (a)  

• Harriet Martineau
• Auguste Comte
• Herbert Spencer
• Emile Durkheim
• Karl Marx
• Max Weber

• British(1820-1903)

• Built upon theories of Charles Darwin and applied them to the study of Sociology • Theory of Social Darwinism •

Used to try to justify one group over another

​ ​ (a)  

• Herbert Spencer
• Auguste Comte
• Harriet Martineau
• Emile Durkheim
• Karl Marx
• Max Weber

French (1858-1917)

• Considered father of modern sociological study • Empiricist • Focused on observable social phenomenon • Founder of Functionalist Theory

​ ​ (a)  

• Emile Durkheim
• Auguste Comte
• Harriet Martineau
• Herbert Spencer
• Karl Marx
• Max Weber

German (1818-1883)

• Made observations of working class in England • Divided society between the “haves” and the “have nots” • Bourgeoisie—owners of the means of production (capitalists) • Proletariat—the workers •Founder of the Conflict Theory

​ (a)  

• Karl Marx
• Auguste Comte
• Harriet Martineau
• Emile Durkheim
• Herbert Spencer
• Max Weber

German (1864-1920)

• Developed theory of Ideal type • Model to which everything else could be compared • Models used as a way to measure reality • Founder of Symbolic Interactionist Theory

​ (a)  

• Max Weber
• Auguste Comte
• Harriet Martineau
• Herbert Spencer
• Emile Durkheim
• Karl Marx

Looks at Society as a whole on a large scale

​ ​ (a)  

• Macrosociology
• Microsociology
• Globalization

Looks at Society on an individual or small scale

​ ​ (a)  

• Microsociology
• Macrosociology
• Globalization

Examines global impacts and connections

​ ​ (a)  

• Globalization
• Microsociology
• Macrosociology

Developed by Karl Marx

• Macro-sociological Perspective

• Society is understood to be made up of conflicting interest groups who vie for power and privilege

focuses heavily on inequality and differential distribution of power and wealth

​ (a)  

• Conflict Perspective
• Functionalist Perspective
• Symbolic/Interactionist Perspective