Melanin & Heredity Vocab Review

condensed DNA containing genes

• chromosomes

• genes

• heredity

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

• genes

• chromosomes

• heredity

heredity

• transmission of traits from one generation to the next

• X and Y chromosomes

• a segment of dna that codes for a specific trait

X and Y chromosomes

• sex chromosomes

• autosomal

any chromosome that is NOT a sex chromosome

• X and Y chromosomes

• autosomal

Two alleles separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes because they are on homologous chromosomes

• Law of Segregation

• Law of Dominance

• Law of Independent Assortment

Genes for different traits are sorted INDEPENDENTLY during the formation of games

• Law of Segregation

• Law of Dominance

• Law of Independent Assortment

In many traits, one allele is DOMINANT over the other allele, the "weaker/recessive" allele is only expressed when it is paired with another recessive allele

• Law of Segregation

• Law of Dominance

• Law of Independent Assortment

Dominant allele

• An allele whose trait ALWAYS shows up, 1 copy needed

• An allele that is MASKED when a dominant allele is present, 2 copies needed

Recessive allele

• An allele whose trait ALWAYS shows up, 1 copy needed

• An allele that is MASKED when a dominant allele is present, two copies needed