Syntactical Functions of the Gerund

Learning without thought is labour lost.

• subject

• predicative

• attribute

• adverbial modifer

Seeing is believing.

• subject

• predicative

• attribute

• adverbial

Your problem is having been spoilt as a child.

• subject

• predicative

• attribute

• adverbial

The audience could not help laughing.

• predicative

• adverbial

• part of a compound modal predicate

• part of a compound aspect predicate

Be quiet! Не has not finished speaking yet.

• subject

• adverbial

• part of a compound modal predicate

• part of a compound aspect predicate

I have often regretted saying something, never my silence.

• subject

• object

• predicative

• attribute

I was conscious of being watched.

• direct object

• indirect object

• subject

• attribute

The spy had a feeling of being watched.

• attribute

• object

• adverbial

• predicative

Не lay without moving, which frightened me.

• adverbial of time

• adverbial of manner

• adverbial of purpose

• adverbial of result

After reaching the end of the street, he unfolded the map.

• adverbial of reason

• adverbial of purpose

• adverbial pf manner

• adverbial of time