The learning of complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience.

• Nature of the learning process

• Goals of the learning process

• Construction of knowledge

• Strategic thinking

Learning in schools emphasizes the use of intentional processes that students can use to construct meaning from information, experiences, and their own thoughts and beliefs.

• Nature of the learning process

• Goals of the learning process

• Construction of knowledge

• Strategic thinking

The successful learner, over time and with support and instructional guidance, can create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge.

• Nature of the learning process

• Goals of the learning process

• Construction of knowledge

• Strategic thinking

Educators can assist learners in creating meaningful learning goals that are consistent with both personal and educational aspirations and interests.

• Nature of the learning process

• Goals of the learning process

• Construction of knowledge

• Strategic thinking

The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.

• Nature of the learning process

• Goals of the learning process

• Construction of knowledge

• Strategic thinking

Educators can assist learners in acquiring and integrating knowledge by a number of strategies that have been shown to be effective with learners of varying abilities, such as concept mapping and thematic organization or categorizing.

• Nature of the learning process

• Goals of the learning process

• Construction of knowledge

• Strategic thinking

The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals.

• Nature of the learning process

• Goals of the learning process

• Construction of knowledge

• Strategic thinking

They understand and can use a variety of strategies to help them reach learning and performance goals, and to apply their knowledge in novel situations.

• Nature of the learning process

• Goals of the learning process

• Construction of knowledge

• Strategic thinking

Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and critical thinking.

• Thinking about thinking

• Context of learning

• Motivational and emotional influences on learning

• Intrinsic motivation to learn

Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and critical thinking.

• Thinking about thinking

• Context of learning

• Motivational and emotional influences on learning

• Intrinsic motivation to learn