CJ 165 Ch. 03

When was the concept of human decision making and natural culpability acknowledged?

• Renaissance

• Age of Enlightenment

• Reformatory movement

• Classical School

This concept is for the greatest amount of happiness shared by the greatest number of people.

• free will

• utilitarianism

• culpability

• authoritarianism

The first rational choice theory that arose during the Age of Enlightenment period was ______.

• social control theory

• general behavior

• deterrence theory

• none of these

According to Beccaria, perfecting ______ is the “surest but most difficult way to prevent crimes.”

• punishment

• taxes

• family structures

• education

Classical School theories emphasize individual decision-making regardless of ______.

• extraneous influences

• free will

• culpability

• deterrence

This is an agreement of citizens promising to abide by the laws set forth by a given society in return for protection.

• utilitarian perspective

• social contract

• hedonistic calculus

• conflict principle

Cesare Beccaria is known as all of the following EXCEPT:

• Father of Criminal Justice

• Father of the Classical School of Criminology

• Father of Deterrence Theory

• Father of Policing

Beccaria was behind all of the following modern-day criminal justice beliefs EXCEPT:

• cross-examination of witnesses

• offender should be tried by a panel of his or her peers or fellow citizens

• court proceedings should remain private

• laws should be understandable by the public

______ is used as the basis for U.S. policies on punishment because it focuses on individual responsibility.

• Evolutionary theories

• Classical School

• Metaphysical theories

• Neoclassical perspective

In many ancient societies, what was the common response if an individual committed a criminal act?

• public shaming

• imprisonment

• perform an exorcism or surgery

• restitution