The effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system Level 3

Which statements are true about Delayed Onset of Muscular Soreness?

• a) Muscles are stretched and relaxed after exercise (up to 48 hours)

• b) Muscles are sore & painful after exercise (up to 72 hours)

• c) Muscles are sore & painful before exercise (up to 48 hours)

• d) Muscles are stretched and relaxed before exercise (up to 72 hours)

Which of the following are degrading during the Delayed Onset of Muscular Soreness?

• a) Fat

• b) Protein

• c) Carbohydrate

• d) Glucose

Which of the following is an example of a short-term effect of exercise on the musculoskeletal system?

• a) Joints become more stable

• b) Muscles capable of utilising more oxygen and fat at any given time

• c) Increase in the number and size of mitochondria in muscles

• d) Joints become more mobile due to increased flow and viscosity of the synovial fluid

Which of the following is an example of long-term effect of exercise on the musculoskeletal system?

• a) Levels of lactic acid in the blood rise, causing a burning or aching sensation in the muscles

• b) Joints become more mobile due to increased flow and viscosity of the synovial fluid

• c) Muscle temperature and overall core body temperature increase

• d) Joints become more stable

Which of the following are likely causes of Delayed Onset of Muscular Soreness?

• a) Longevity of the activity/ sport

• b) Reduction in duration of the activity/ sport

• c) Activities which include an eccentric training component

• d) Activities which include an concentric training component

What is Osteopenia?

• a) A condition where bone mass is below what is expected, but not yet classified as osteoporosis between -1 and -2.5 SD

• b) A condition where bone mass is above what is expected, but not yet classified as osteoporosis between -1 and -2.5 SD

• c) A condition which significantly reduces bone mass where bones are becoming fragile and brittle >-2.5 SD

• d) A condition which significantly increases bone mass where bones are becoming fragile and brittle >-2.5 SD

What is Osteoporosis?

• a) a condition where bone mass is below what is expected, but not yet classified as osteoporosis between -1 and -2.5 SD

• b) a condition where bone mass is above what is expected, but not yet classified as osteoporosis between -1 and -2.5 SD

• c) A condition which significantly reduces bone mass where bones are becoming fragile and brittle >-2.5 SD

• d) A condition which significantly increases bone mass where bones are becoming fragile and brittle >-2.5 SD

What are some of the benefits of exercise for Osteopenia & Osteoporosis?

• a) Decrease in bone mass, in order to ensure there is no excessive pressure pressure applied on the affected bones

• b) Increase in loss of bone mass, in order to ensure a smoother building site for the Osteoblasts

• c) Increase joint stability and strength

• d) Decrease nourished joints

What are the main symptoms of Osteoarthritis?

• a) Joint pain & stiffness

• b) Muscle pain & stiffness

• c) Decreased bone density

• d) Increased joint laxity

Which statement is true regarding Osteoarthritis?

• a) Only superior joints are predisposed to develop Osteoarthritis

• b) Only inferior joints are predisposed to develop Osteoarthritis

• c) Almost any joint is predisposed to develop Osteoarthitis

• d) Only small joints are predisposed to develop Osteoarthritis