Micro chpt 10 part 2

complex and persistent communities consisting of a variety of different species of microbes

• biofilm

• plantonic

• microcolonies

• sessile

60% of human infections are caused by biofilms

• true

• false

Tiny clusters of bacteria within biofilms

• planktonic

• microcolonies

• sessile

• phagocytosis

Single-celled free swimming baterial released from a biofilm can colonize other surfaces and form other biofilms

• microcolonies

• antibiotic

• planktonic

• phagocytosis

Bacteria transformed to quiescent state where they are protected from the effects of antibiotics and defense mechanisms. (Not actively building cell walls)

• planktonic

• sessile

• prosthetics

• phagocyte

When macrophages and leukocytes cannot ingest bacteria, but become activated and secrete toxic compounds causing damage to nearby tissues

• frustrated phagocytosis

• endosymbiont

• superinfection

• parasitism

When two or more microbes team up to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself.. (EX. Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis) trench mouth

• Synergistic relationship

• endosymbiont

• ammonificatiom

• superinfection

The cycling of nutrients and elements like nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus by Microbes.(saprophytes)

• biochemical engineering

• biogeochemical cycling

• genetic engineering

Reorder the following

• plants use thnitrates to build plant proteins which are eaten by animals used to build animal proteins

• N2 (nitrogen) in the air is converted by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria into ammonia and ammonium ion

• Excreted waste products (urea) are converted to ammonia by bacteria in ammonification

• Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium ions into nitrite ions and nitrate ions

• After saprophytes convert dead debris into ammonia. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen gas in the air; completes cycle

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivative to make or modify products or processes for specific use

• Microbial biotechnology

• Biogeochemical cycling

• nitrogen cycle

• biofilms