Micro chpt 10 part 2

complex and persistent communities consisting of a variety of different species of microbes

• biofilm

• plantonic

• microcolonies

• sessile

60% of human infections are caused by biofilms

• true

• false

Tiny clusters of bacteria within biofilms

• planktonic

• microcolonies

• sessile

• phagocytosis

Single-celled free swimming baterial released from a biofilm can colonize other surfaces and form other biofilms

• microcolonies

• antibiotic

• planktonic

• phagocytosis

Bacteria transformed to quiescent state where they are protected from the effects of antibiotics and defense mechanisms. (Not actively building cell walls)

• planktonic

• sessile

• prosthetics

• phagocyte

When macrophages and leukocytes cannot ingest bacteria, but become activated and secrete toxic compounds causing damage to nearby tissues

• frustrated phagocytosis

• endosymbiont

• superinfection

• parasitism

When two or more microbes team up to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself.. (EX. Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis) trench mouth

• Synergistic relationship

• endosymbiont

• ammonificatiom

• superinfection

The cycling of nutrients and elements like nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus by Microbes.(saprophytes)

• biochemical engineering

• biogeochemical cycling

• genetic engineering

Reorder the following

• plants use thnitrates to build plant proteins which are eaten by animals used to build animal proteins

• N2 (nitrogen) in the air is converted by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria into ammonia and ammonium ion

• After saprophytes convert dead debris into ammonia. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen gas in the air; completes cycle

• Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium ions into nitrite ions and nitrate ions

• Excreted waste products (urea) are converted to ammonia by bacteria in ammonification

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivative to make or modify products or processes for specific use

• Microbial biotechnology

• Biogeochemical cycling

• nitrogen cycle

• biofilms