Unit 8 Test Make-Up

What led to closing of the open range?

• Dams

• Railroads

• Windmills

• Barbed-Wire Fencing

The introduction of windmills allowed farmers and ranchers in West Texas to

• provide electricity to the region

• create early air conditioning for homes

• generate wind power to run farm equipment

• irrigate crops without having access to a river

Why did cattle trails, like the Chisholm through Ft Worth, begin?

• Texas ranches were destroyed.

• Railroads had not reached Texas.

• The price of beef decreased.

• Steamboats made transportation more efficient.

How did demand drive the expansion of the Texas frontier in the late 1800s?

• Increased demand for grain led farmers to use the frontier's rich soil.

• Rising water forced farmers to move away from railroads.

• Population growth forced ranchers to move East.

• High demand for beef motivated ranchers to use the open range of the frontier.

How did the Texas Railroad Commission help Texans?

• Limited the expansion of railroads.

• Fought unfair practices of the railroads.

• Insured railroad cargo.

• Made railroads free for all.

What was the author of this text upset about?

• fence-cutting

• Indian raids

• storms

What does this represent?

• Growth of sharecropping

• American Indian policies

• Reconstruction policies

• Closing of the frontier

Which answer shows cause and the effect of the range wars in West Texas?

• Cause: American Indians refused to leave their homes

  Effect: U.S. military was used to forced the Indians to leave TX

• Cause: Railroads expanded in Texas

  Effect: Landowners defend their homes against RR

• Cause: Demand for agriculture decreased

  Effect: Conflicts over limited jobs

• Cause: Barbed wire closed frontier

  Effect: Conflicts led to decrease in property values

How did cattle trails affect Texas railroads?

• They led to development/ building of railroads in Texas

• Prevented growth of agriculture

• They made cow towns unpopular

• They got in the way of railroad development/ building

How did the expansion of agriculture affect the economy of Texas?

• Farmers invested in Railroad stock.

• Farmers began to grow/sell cash crops.

• Farming became more expensive.

• Farming became less expensive.