Quiz about Unit 6 Study Guide -- Genetics!

Question 1

Each type of cell in the human body is designed for a particular function. Nerve cells have long fibers used to carry messages, and muscle cells contract and relax to cause movement in the body. Which of these statements best explains how genes allow a nerve cell and a muscle cell to be different?

Accepted Answer

Nerve cells and muscle cells contain the same genes, but different genes are expressed.

Answer

Nerve cells contain genes inherited from the mother, and muscle cells contain genes inherited from the father.

Answer

Nerve cells are mutated genes while muscle cells are normal genes.

Answer

Nerve cells contain genes, but muscle cells do not.

Question 2

How do children normally inherit chromosomes from each of their parents?

Accepted Answer

Children receive 23 chromosomes from each parent.

Answer

Children receive an identical set of chromosomes from each parent.

Answer

Children receive 46 chromosomes from each parent.

Answer

Children receive a random number of chromosomes from each parent.

Question 3

Each cell in organisms contains a set of hereditary information that gets passed from one generation to the next. The genes in all organisms contain instructions needed to make offspring. Which statement describes heredity in animals?

Accepted Answer

Offspring receive genes from each parent, which contribute to the traits in the offspring.

Answer

Offspring receive genetic traits from a single parent only.

Answer

Offspring show recessive traits only.

Answer

Offspring receive genes with traits that are always physically observable.

Question 4

Which statement does NOT accurately describe a trait?

Accepted Answer

Children always have traits that are identical to the traits of their parents.

Answer

People who are non-related can share the same traits.

Answer

Traits are qualities that are passed in the form of DNA.

Answer

Traits are inherited qualities that make people unique.

Question 5

Yellow fruit (Y) is dominant to white fruit (y) in squash plants. If two plants heterozygous for yellow fruit are crossed, what are the possible genotypes of the offspring? (HINT: Draw a Punnett Square!)

Accepted Answer

YY, Yy, yy only

Answer

YY, yy, only

Answer

Yy, yy only

Answer

Yy only

Question 6

What is the molecule that contains the genetic information of a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

proteins

Answer

carbohydrates

Answer

lipids

Question 7

In mitosis, replication occurs before the cell divides. What is the purpose of replication?

Accepted Answer

to provide each new cell with an exact duplicate of the original DNA

Answer

to divide the parent cell's genes equally between the two new daughter cells

Answer

to remove defective base pairs from the DNA before the parent cell divides

Answer

to transfer half of the traits of the parent cell to each new daughter cell

Question 8

Which of these is a correct statement about asexual reproduction when compared with sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction involves one parent, while sexual reproduction involves two parents.

Answer

Asexual reproduction results in greater genetic variation in the offspring than sexual reproduction.

Answer

Asexual reproduction requires a longer development time for the offspring than sexual reproduction.

Answer

Asexual reproduction is a slower process and requires more energy than sexual reproduction.

Question 9

Which of the following types of cells is a product of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

egg cell

Answer

red blood cell

Answer

stomach cell

Answer

skin cell

Question 10

Which of these scenarios is an example of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

the sperm cell and the egg cell of sea stars joining together in the ocean

Answer

a piece breaking off of a sponge and growing into a new animal

Answer

a bacterium copying its genetic material

Answer

the eyes forming on a potato that has been left in the pantry for a long time

Question 11

Cells can reproduce through a process of either meiosis or mitosis. Which statement about reproduction is true?

Accepted Answer

The cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to parent cells.

Answer

Meiosis is a form of asexual reproduction.

Answer

The cells produced by meiosis are genetically identical to parent cells.

Answer

Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction.

Question 12

Individuals with the recessive trait of night blindness (genotype nn) have difficulty seeing in low light. The pedigree shows the inheritance of night blindness in a certain family. Which of these are possible genotypes of the parental generation?

Accepted Answer

Nn, Nn

Answer

NN, NN

Answer

NN, Nn

Answer

nn, nn

Question 13

Attached earlobes (ones that attach directly to the face without dangling) are caused by an inherited recessive trait. A woman is heterozygous for unattached earlobes and a man is homozygous recessive. What is the probability that the couple will have a child with attached earlobes? (HINT: Make a Punnett Square!!)

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

100%

Question 14

In humans, having freckles (B) is dominant to not having freckles (b). Use a Punnett Square to show the predicted outcomes of a cross between two parents who do NOT have freckles?

Accepted Answer

None of the offspring will have freckles.

Answer

Half of the offspring will have freckles.

Answer

All of the offspring will have freckles.

Answer

Three-fourths of the offspring will have freckles.

Question 15

People who can curl their tongues have a dominant trait. People who cannot curl their tongues have a recessive trait. If two parents are recessive for tongue curling, what does that mean about how the trait for tongue curling will appear in their offspring?

Accepted Answer

It means the trait will show up 0% of the time.

Answer

It means the trait will show up 100% of the time.

Answer

It means the trait will show up 25% of the time.

Answer

It means the trait will show up 75% of the time.

Question 16

The pedigree chart shows the Jones family. The mother is purebred dominant for the widow's peak trait with genotype (WW). The father is purebred recessive for a straight hairline with genotype (ww). All of the children are hybrid with genotype (Ww). What are the genotype probabilities from the Jones' son and his wife, who is purebred recessive (ww) with a straight hairline?

Accepted Answer

50% Ww, 50% ww

Answer

75% WW, 25% ww

Answer

50% WW, 50% Ww

Answer

75%Ww, 25% ww

Question 17

The hairline pattern called a widow's peak is an inherited trait that is easily visible in humans. For people who express this trait, their hairline forms a V shape above the forehead. People who do not express the trait for a widow's peak have a straight hairline above their forehead. Which statement best explains how traits such as a widow's peak are inherited?

Accepted Answer

Offspring can express traits from genes they inherited from both parents.

Answer

Offspring can only express traits from genes they inherited from only one parent.

Answer

Offspring will ALWAYS only express traits from genes they inherited from only one parent.

Answer

Offspring can only express traits from genes they inherited from the parent that is the same gender.

Question 18

A red maple tree has leaves with three main points that are an average of 3 inches long. It blooms with small pink flowers in the spring. The tree reproduces by creating winged seeds that can be blown through the air during the summer and fall. Before the winter, the leaves turn red and fall off of the tree as the days grow shorter. What determines these traits of the red maple tree?

Accepted Answer

the instructions on chromosomes inside the cells of the maple tree

Answer

the energy produced during photosynthesis by the chloroplasts in the cells of the maple tree

Answer

the limitations imposed on the maple tree by resources such as nutrients and water

Answer

the impact of animal species that use the maple tree for food and shelter

Question 19

How many chromosomes are in a standard (NOT with a genetic disorder) human body cell?

Accepted Answer

46

Answer

23

Answer

47

Answer

45

Question 20

A family of mice living in a small cage had babies with white fur coloring and brown fur coloring. The parents of these babies are both brown in color, but each of the parents had a parent with white fur color. How did the babies with white fur get their fur coloring?

Accepted Answer

The parents carried genes for white fur and passed them to the offspring.

Answer

The genes for fur coloration in the white offspring were damaged.

Answer

The white fur was caused by an extra chromosome in the offspring.

Answer

The offspring were each missing the gene for fur coloration.

Question 21

A mother and father have two daughters. The daughters have some similar and some different physical features. Which statement best explains why the daughters' physical appearance includes both similar and different features?

Accepted Answer

The daughters received a random set of genes from both of their parents.

Answer

One daughter received all her genes from her father, the other daughter received all her genes from her mother.

Answer

Each daughter received a different number of genes from each parent.

Answer

One daughter received fewer genes than the other.

Question 22

A student is observing the coloration of four female kittens. The mother of the kittens is white and the father is orange. Two of the kittens are orange and two are white.

Accepted Answer

The gene for fur color is determined by genes from both parents of the kitten.

Answer

The gene for fur color is determined by the sex of the kitten.

Answer

The gene for fur color is determined by genes from only one parent of the kitten.

Answer

The gene for fur color is determined by the size of the kitten.

Question 23

A female sheep with green eyes and a male sheep with brown eyes have a lamb with blue eyes. What explains why the lamb has a different eye color than its parents?

Accepted Answer

The parents carry the gene for blue eyes which is passed to their offspring.

Answer

The lamb has both green and brown pigments, which mix in the eyes and create the blue pigment.

Answer

Blue eyes occur randomly in some lambs without any influence from the parents.

Answer

Eye color depends on environmental factors and is not affected by the parents.

Question 24

What is the name of the DNA segment that contains information for a specific trait?

Accepted Answer

genes

Answer

nuclei

Answer

chromosomes

Answer

RNA

Question 25

Which reproductive process splits one cell into two diploid daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Asexual

Question 26

Which reproductive process splits one cell into four haploid daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary Fission

Answer

Reproduction

Question 27

What does "gamete" mean?

Accepted Answer

Sex Cell

Answer

Body Cell

Answer

Egg

Answer

Sperm

Question 28

What causes Down's Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A human cell with 47 chromosomes.

Answer

Having a parent with Down's Syndrome.

Answer

A human cell with 45 chromosomes.

Answer

Having Turner Syndrome.

Question 29

What is "fertilization?"

Accepted Answer

When an egg and a sperm unite.

Answer

When budding happens.

Answer

When a mushroom sprouts.

Answer

When an asexual creature reproduces.

Question 30

What causes the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

An unfertilized egg drops into the uterus, and the uterus flushes out the lining of blood and tissue together with the egg.

Answer

A fertilized egg drops into the uterus and the uterus flushes out the fertilized egg together with the lining of blood and tissue that it had built up.

Answer

Pregnancy causes the menstrual cycle.

Answer

Not having sexual intercourse causes the menstrual cycle.

Question 31

What feeds the fetus throughout pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The placenta.

Answer

The uterus.

Answer

The fallopian tubes.

Answer

The embryo.

Question 32

Where are the sperm created?

Accepted Answer

In the seminiferous tubules inside the testes.

Answer

In the ejaculatory duct.

Answer

In the vas deferens.

Answer

In the epididymis.

Question 33

The female sex cell is the ______, while the male sex cell is the _______.

Accepted Answer

egg, sperm

Answer

sperm, egg

Answer

meiosis, mitosis

Answer

asexual, sexual

Question 34

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Greater genetic diversity because the offspring take genes from BOTH parents.

Answer

Faster reproduction!

Answer

Ability to create identical offspring.

Answer

The need to find a mate.

Question 35

Fill in the blanks. Unlike the human male, whose body makes fresh sperm daily throughout his life, the human female is born with all her ________, which are stored in her _________. After puberty, one of these will drop each month, traveling down the long ___________ tubes where they will either be fertilized or will continue unfertilized into the _________.

Accepted Answer

eggs, ovaries, fallopian, uterus

Answer

sperm, ovaries, fallopian, uterus

Answer

ovaries, eggs, fallopian, uterus

Answer

fallopian, ovaries, uterus, eggs

Question 36

DNA stands for...

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer

It just means DNA

Answer

Genes

Answer

Parents

Question 37

The steps of mitosis are:

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase

Answer

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I

Answer

Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Question 38

The biggest difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II is that during Prophase II...

Accepted Answer

the chromatin does not replicate!

Answer

the two cells don't fully detach.

Answer

the chromatin replicates!

Answer

the chromosomes don't match up.

Question 39

Males have ____ chromosomes and females have ____ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

XY, XX

Answer

gene, sex

Answer

XX, XY

Answer

sperm, egg

Question 40

Your genotype is _____________. Your phenotype is _____________.

Accepted Answer

the combination of traits passed down to you from your parents, the observable traits you can see in yourself.

Answer

dominant, recessive

Answer

brown hair, blue eyes.

Answer

the observable traits you can see in yourself, the combination of traits passed down to you from your parents.

Question 41

Homo means _________ and hetero means ___________.

Accepted Answer

same, different

Answer

different, same

Answer

gay, straight

Answer

curvy, DNA

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