Unit 6 Study Guide -- Genetics!

Each type of cell in the human body is designed for a particular function. Nerve cells have long fibers used to carry messages, and muscle cells contract and relax to cause movement in the body. Which of these statements best explains how genes allow a nerve cell and a muscle cell to be different?

• Nerve cells and muscle cells contain the same genes, but different genes are expressed.

• Nerve cells contain genes inherited from the mother, and muscle cells contain genes inherited from the father.

• Nerve cells are mutated genes while muscle cells are normal genes.

• Nerve cells contain genes, but muscle cells do not.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

How do children normally inherit chromosomes from each of their parents?

• Children receive an identical set of chromosomes from each parent.

• Children receive 46 chromosomes from each parent.

• Children receive 23 chromosomes from each parent.

• Children receive a random number of chromosomes from each parent.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Each cell in organisms contains a set of hereditary information that gets passed from one generation to the next. The genes in all organisms contain instructions needed to make offspring. Which statement describes heredity in animals?

• Offspring receive genetic traits from a single parent only.

• Offspring show recessive traits only.

• Offspring receive genes from each parent, which contribute to the traits in the offspring.

• Offspring receive genes with traits that are always physically observable.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which statement does NOT accurately describe a trait?

• People who are non-related can share the same traits.

• Traits are qualities that are passed in the form of DNA.

• Traits are inherited qualities that make people unique.

• Children always have traits that are identical to the traits of their parents.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Yellow fruit (Y) is dominant to white fruit (y) in squash plants. If two plants heterozygous for yellow fruit are crossed, what are the possible genotypes of the offspring? (HINT: Draw a Punnett Square!)

• YY, yy, only

• YY, Yy, yy only

• Yy, yy only

• Yy only

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the molecule that contains the genetic information of a cell?

• proteins

• carbohydrates

• DNA

• lipids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In mitosis, replication occurs before the cell divides. What is the purpose of replication?

• to provide each new cell with an exact duplicate of the original DNA

• to divide the parent cell's genes equally between the two new daughter cells

• to remove defective base pairs from the DNA before the parent cell divides

• to transfer half of the traits of the parent cell to each new daughter cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which of these is a correct statement about asexual reproduction when compared with sexual reproduction?

• Asexual reproduction results in greater genetic variation in the offspring than sexual reproduction.

• Asexual reproduction requires a longer development time for the offspring than sexual reproduction.

• Asexual reproduction involves one parent, while sexual reproduction involves two parents.

• Asexual reproduction is a slower process and requires more energy than sexual reproduction.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Which of the following types of cells is a product of meiosis?

• egg cell

• red blood cell

• stomach cell

• skin cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of these scenarios is an example of sexual reproduction?

• a piece breaking off of a sponge and growing into a new animal

• a bacterium copying its genetic material

• the sperm cell and the egg cell of sea stars joining together in the ocean

• the eyes forming on a potato that has been left in the pantry for a long time

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2