WHAP Period 4 Vocab (FISD)

the massive and deliberate killing of 1.5 million Armenian civilians living in the Ottoman Empire by the Young Turks as a result of rising Turkish nationalism and distrust of Christian Armenians, who were thought to be siding with Russia during WWI and no longer loyal to the empire; displaced thousands of Armenians and eliminated many parts of Armenian culture; the Turkish government today still refuses to recognize it as a genocide

government system which emerged in Italy and Germany in the 1920s as a result of economic depression and the desire for strong leadership, it is characterized by extreme nationalism and state control over all aspects of life, including added militarism, anti-Semitism, and curbing of people's civil liberties; Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany led to the start of WWII.

economic policy initiated by Joseph Stalin in the USSR that set high quotas in an attempt to improve Soviet agricultural and industrial output so the Soviet Union could become a leading industrial nation - this led to intense control over the common people and the death of millions of peasants and landowners through starvation and persecution

worldwide economic slump starting with the 1929 U.S. stock market crash, bank failures, and bankruptcies, which led to tremendous instability, and in nations that were already struggling with establishing new political identities and rebuilding their damaged post-WWI economies, such as Germany and Italy, extreme forms of government emerged (Fascism/Nazism)

during the 1930s, it was an attempt to cleanse the Soviet Union of supposed "enemies of the people, leading to nearly a million people being executed and 4-5 million or more sentenced to forced labor in the gulags

result of the "Final Solution" that was enacted by the Nazis to kill all Jews in Europe, plus 5 million others, including the creation of concentration camps to process the deaths; reduced the Jewish population of Europe and facilitated the creation of the State of Israel in the Middle East as a homeland for the Jews

worldwide spread of the influenza disease that killed between 50-100 million people towards the end of WWI, including troops and civilians, making it the first super virus to spread around the world since the plague of the 14th century

a world organization established in 1920, as a part of the Treaty of Versailles, to promote international cooperation and peace; though it was proposed by US President Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless in protecting members, as seen in the Italian takeover of Ethiopia in 1935, it was officially dissolved in 1946 and replaced by the United Nations.

popular movement, led by Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa who gained support from peasants and the middle class, in response to discontent over dictator Porfirio Diaz's corrupt leadership in which Americans and the top Mexican families gained any benefit - it led to the adoption of a constitution that established some land reform in the form of limited land redistribution, rights for workers and women, and led to Mexico becoming a larger economic force in North America

U.S. legislation and economic recovery initiated by President Roosevelt, in order to boost the economy following the Great Depression, including laws protecting citizens through jobs, minimum wage and social security - it ultimately marked a shift in U.S. domestic policy, giving the government more control and responsibility in the economy