Society & Culture Before the Civil War (8th - ch. 7)

The change from manual production to machine-powered factory production that started in England in the late 18th century and spread to other places and brought a transformation in economy, society, and technology.

• Civil War

• Industrial Revolution

• Revolutionary War

• Second Great Awakening

Money invested into a business venture.

• ends

• racks on racks

• that paper

• capital

a shortage, lack, or insufficient supply

• scarcity

• surplus

• abundance

• lucrative

The amount of goods or resources in stock, on hand, or available in the market to sell.

• scarcity

• shortages

• supply

• capital

Identical, machine-made parts for a tool or an instrument.

• interchangeable parts

• capitalist

• urbanization

• profit

The movement of a population from farms to cities.

• rural

• megalopolis

• urbanization

• famine

The difference between the cost of a good or service and its selling price.

• profit

• deficit

• boom

• trade union

An agreement or contract in which a borrower receives money or goods now, with an agreement to repay a greater amount later.

• supply

• credit

• scarcity

• profit

A skilled worker.

• manual labor

• immigrant

• artisan

• cash crop

An association of workers in a specific trade, or line of work, formed to gain higher wages and better working conditions.

• Know-Nothing Party

• American Colonization Society

• Hudson River School

• trade union