American History Unit 3 Review

Based on the excerpt below, what was the impact of the Supreme Court’s ruling in the case of Dred Scott v Sanford, 1857?

"It must be admitted that Congress possesses no power to regulate or abolish slavery within the States; and that, if this act had attempted any such legislation, it would have been a nullity."

• It allowed 7 new slave states to join the Union which increased the growth of the American economy

• It allowed  popular sovereignty in the Oregon Territory which increased sectional tensions over the expansion of slavery in the west

• It led to stricter fugitive slave laws which caused a shift in focus of the abolitionist movement to support more radical forms of protests

• It led to the potential for slavery to spread anywhere which increased sectional tensions over balance of power between slave and free states

Based on the excerpt below, why did Jefferson believe that the passage of the Missouri Compromise would deepen sectional conflict?

"“This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the [death] knell of the Union . . . but this is a moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper . . . the cession of that kind of property, . . . would not cost me in a second thought, if . . . emancipation . . . could be effected . . . but, as it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other.” Thomas Jefferson’s response John Holmes to the Missouri question 4/1820"

• It argued for the immediate emancipation of all slaves in the western territories

• Americans would have argued forever over the line, once it was created.

• Each enactment by Congress that took power away from the states would have built more resentment.

• While some wanted slavery to end immediately, others wanted it to end gradually

When President Lincoln made the following statement, he indicated his commitment to...

" You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the government while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it"

President Lincoln’s Inaugural Address 1861

• Defend the Constitution and preserve the union

• Protect states rights by allowing southern states to declare popular sovereignty

• Protect the United States Government from foreign invaders

• Defend the institution of slavery throughout the United States

From 1820 to 1865, the debates over nullification, protective tariffs, and the spread of slavery into the new territories concerned the constitutional issue of the...

• Separation of power between the federal and state governments

• separation of power between the executive and legislative branches

• balance of power between the federal and state governments

• balance of power between the Federal Government and the rights of the people

Which of the following accurately describes why the Fugitive Slave Act was the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850?

• The law violated the rights of states by forcing Northern states to immediately accept the conditions of the Compromise of 1850

• The law violated the Constitution by granting Southern states the power to sell prison inmates into slavery

• The law violated the rights of states by forcing Southern states to immediately emancipate slaves which increased sectional tensions

• The law violated the Constitutional rights of citizens by requiring Abolitionists and Northerners to participate in the act of returning runaway slaves

Which of the following best describes the message of the cartoon below?

• The Compromise of 1850 guaranteed the expansion of slavery in the western terriroties by ignoring the precendent established by the Missouri Compromise

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise by allowing the use of popular sovereignty which could expand slavery into free territories.

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Supreme Court’s decision in Dred Scott v Sanford by refusing to acknowledge the use of popular sovereignty in the territories

• The Compromise of 1850 guaranteed the rights of slave owners to use any means necessary to reclaim runaway slaves who were in free territories

It is reported that upon being introduced to Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1862, Abraham Lincoln fondly commented she was "the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war." Which of the following best explains why President Lincoln made this statement?

• Stowe’s book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, decreased the power of the abolitionist movement which led to the expansion of slavery in New England

• Stowe’s book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, increased southern support for the abolitionist movement which created internal conflict in southern states

• Stowe’s book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, increased northern support for the abolitionist movement which increased sectional tensions

• Stowe’s book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, decreased international support for the abolition movement which led to the suspension of trade with England

Which of the following best explains the sequence of maps illustrated below?

• The federal government’s attempt to settle disputes over the expansion of slavery to the western territories

• The federal government’s attempt to encourage manufacturing in the West by opening the territories to immigrant labor

• The federal government’s attempt to encourage more people to vote in presidential elections by expanding suffrage rights in the west

• The federal government’s attempt to settle disputes over land between midwestern farmers and Native American Indians

The 1860 election results shown on the map above most clearly reflect what?

• Sectional division as each region voted differently

• National unity as all regions supported one political party

• National unity as all regions voted in the election

• Sectional division as each state voted independently

Based on the excerpt below, why were the southern states fighting the Civil War?

"I tried all in my power to avert this war. I saw it coming, for twelve years I worked night and day to prevent it, but I could not. The North was mad and blind; it would not let us govern ourselves, and so the war came, and now it must go on unless you acknowledge our right to self government. We are not fighting for slavery. We are fighting for Independence."

- Jefferson Davis

• To achieve an equal voice when negotiating trade agreements with European nations

• To declare an end of their trade relationship with northern cotton factories

• To achieve self government by gaining independence from the United States.

• To declare their desire to realign themselves with England by separating with the United States