Intro to Psychology Exam 1 Review

Who was the first president of the APA?

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• G. Stanley Hall

• Edward Lee Thorndike

• Francis Sumner

Answer explanation

G. Stanley Hall was the first president of the APA

Mary Whiton Calkins was the first female president of the APA

Edward Lee Thorndike is known as the "father" of educational psychology

Francis Sumner is known as the "father" of African-American psychology

Who performed the first ablations on animals?

• Pierre Flourens

• Dr. Melvin Scheinman

• Franz Gall

• Paul Broca

Answer explanation

Pierre Flourens - performed the first ablations on animals, debunked phrenology

Dr. Melvin Scheinman - Cardiac Electrophysiologist, performed the first catheter ablation in humans

Franz Gall - "father" of the pseudoscience of phrenology

Paul Broca - French neurologist, discovered and researched the area of the brain responsible for language disorders; studied the frontal lobe cortex, and described the condition of aphasia

Who is considered the "father" of modern psychology?

• Roger Bacon

• Edward Titchener

• Pierre Flourens

• Wilhelm Wundt

Answer explanation

Roger Bacon - formalized the scientific method

Edward Titchener - student of Wundt, created structuralism

Pierre Flourens - first to perform ablations on animals, debunked phrenology

Wilhelm Wundt - Father of modern psychology

Who studied aphasic's problems producing speech?

(a)  

Who studied aphasic's problems understanding speech?

• Paul Broca

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Karl Wernicke

• Robert Sternberg

Answer explanation

Paul Broca - studied aphasic's problems with producing speech

Wilhelm Wundt - "father" of modern psychology

Karl Wernicke - studied aphasic's problems with understanding speech

Robert Sternberg - known for the "triarchic theory of intelligence"

Who was the German phrenology specialist?

(a)  

Who was the English philosopher who formalized the scientific method?

• Gestalt

• Francis Bacon

• Roger Bacon

• Thomas Hobbes

Answer explanation

Gestalt - type of psychology that seeks to understand how the human brain perceives experiences

Francis Bacon - English philosopher who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England

Roger Bacon - formalized the scientific method

Thomas Hobbes - English political philosopher, believed the natural condition of mankind is a "state of war"

What is it called when simple explanations are better?

• Occam's Razor

• Murphy's Law

• Gillette's Razor

• Cole's Law

Answer explanation

Occam's Razor - simple explanations are better

Murphy's Law - "Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong"

Gillette's Razor - designed to "give you a comfortably smooth shave every time"

Cole's Law - finely chopped cabbage, lightly dressed with mayonnaise

What is the word for an experimental prediction?

(a)  

What is it called when conditions improve based on patients' beliefs?

• Control Effect

• Placebo Effect

• Mindfulness

• Delusion

Answer explanation

Control effect - there is no such thing as "control effect," the control group in an experiment does NOT receive the new treatment being studied. They instead receive a placebo

Placebo effect - when conditions improve based on patients' belief; patients in a control group do NOT know they are receiving a placebo, therefore they think they are getting the actual treatment

Mindfulness - mental state achieved by focusing on one's awareness on the present moment

Delusion - false belief or judgement about external reality