Geography Chapter 20 and 21

The two dominant religions in East Africa are

• Christianity and Islam.
• Islam and animism.
• Christianity and Ethiopian Orthodoxy.
• Bantu and Tutsi.

The Horn of Africa is mostly

• mountainous.
• desert.
• grassland.
• Sahel.

What was the main impact of European colonial powers in East Africa?

• They introduced multiculturalism and new ideas to the subregion.
• They allowed greater social freedoms for women and improved the quality of life, especially regarding public health, transportation, and economic opportunity.
• They exploited, or unfairly took advantage of, the peoples and natural resources of the subregion.
• They established the slave trade and promoted ethnic conflict among indigenous peoples, resulting in genocide.

. In what part of the Transition Zone are nuclear families rapidly replacing extended families?

• urban areas
• rural areas
• countries along the eastern coast
• countries along the western coast

What has prevented the proper management of East Africa's natural resources?

• fires and droughts caused by climate change
• desertification, deforestation, and the loss of arable land
• overwhelming social problems, including poverty and substandard public health
• local lack of natural resources, or the uneven distribution of resources, such as freshwater and oil

To create water resources for livestock, boreholes and wells were drilled in areas that were previously unsuitable for livestock. What was the result of this plan?

• Animals refused to leave their traditional grazing areas for the new areas.
• Manure from grazing livestock contaminated the water supply in the wells.
• The wells attracted disease-carrying insects that damaged the livestock.
• The new areas attracted larger herds than the area could feed, resulting in overgrazing

Which factor plays the most important role in determining population patterns of East Africa?

• access to the fertile coastal Sahel
• proximity to major urban centers and trade routes
• the lasting social impact of borders set by colonial powers
• access to fresh water

How are escarpments and cataracts related?

• They are both features of the savanna and Sahel that runs along the Great Rift Valley.
• Both are common to the many volcanic regions in East Africa, especially along fault lines where tectonic
• Rivers flowing over the many plateaus of East Africa plunge over steep cliffs to form large waterfalls.
• Rainwater flooding into the many rift valleys of East Africa forms deep freshwater lakes

Which country has some of the world’s largest deposits of uranium, as well as oil, gold, and coal?

• Niger
• Chad
• Sudan
• Senegal

Identify successful actions implemented by some East African governments that have had both environmental and economic benefits.

• creating conservation areas and national parks, which draw ecotourists
• encouraging commercial cash crop agricultural enterprises to convert back to traditional subsistence farming
• combating overpopulation, which contributes to desertification, especially along the Sahel
• regulating industrial and agricultural chemicals that pollute water systems and kill off fish which otherwise may be commercially harvested