Which of Newton’s Laws is best demonstrated by earth’s continued movement through space until the force of the sun alters its forward path?

A. Newton’s First Law (Inertia)

B. Newton’s Second Law (F = ma)

C. Newton’s Third Law (action reaction

D. Newton’s Law of Relativity (e = mc2)

Prior to medical breakthroughs suggested by William Harvey and other innovative scientists of the day, what did most scientists believe comprised the main portion of the human body?

A. Four main fluids collectively known as humors

How did William Harvey change our understanding of the circulatory system in humans?

C. He opposed Galen’s idea about how blood circulated through the body

A. He proved that Galen’s practice of bloodletting actually stimulated new blood production

B. He proved that Galen was correct in suggesting blood is produced primarily by the liver

D. He opposed Galen’s idea that humans have blood vessels

Why were William Harvey’s ideas about the human body initially rejected by many of his peers?

A. Harvey’s ideas opposed Galen’s teachings

B. Harvey dissected corpses, which was not considered an appropriate method of research by most intellectuals of the day

C. Limited equipment and techniques prevented Harvey from proving his ideas in a “living” person

C. a type of dissection of a living animal

A. a technique perfected by Harvey involving the insertion of a scope within a blood vessel to observe blood as it passes through valves

B. a method of removing bad blood from sick individuals to promote the development of new healthy “life” blood

D. a dissection technique initially developed by Galen in which fluids are drained from a corpse.

In a closed circulatory system ________.

A. blood travels within vessels (such as veins, arteries, and capillaries)

B. blood travels in one direction to a target organ where it is diffused

C. blood usually does not “flow” or move due to the presence of valves

Today we know that the primary purpose of the human circulatory system is to __________.

A. move blood through blood vessels to nourish the body and to remove metabolic wastes

B. maintain homeostasis and transport reproductive cells

C. transport deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the liver, kidneys, and other vital organs

Blood travels from the lungs back into the heart through____

inferior and superior vena cava

Where does blood flow after entering the right atrium

through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

through the mitral valve to the right ventricle

through the tricuspid valve to the left atrium

through the mitral valve to the left atrium

Which statement is TRUE about blood flow through the human body?

B. the right side of the heart provides needed pressure to deliver blood to the lungs

A. the right side of our heart pumps blood to the body trunk using the aorta

C. the right side of the heart consists of two upper atrial chambers and one lower ventricular chamber

D. the right side of the heart pumps blood exclusively to the left side of the body and corresponding, the left side of the heart supplies the right side of the body

The correct blood flow pathway for blood through a human heart includes _________.

B. vena cava, right atria, right ventricle, left atria, left ventricle

A. vena cava, right atria, left atria, left ventricle, right ventricle

C. left ventricle, aortic valve, left atrium, pulmonary valve

D. left ventricle, aorta, left atrium, right ventricle

Pulmonary veins carry _________.

A. oxygen rich blood back to the heart

B. oxygen poor blood to the lungs

C. deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the heart

D. oxygen enriched blood through the pulmonary valve

Why did Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo fail to receive early acceptance of their thoughts about heliocentrism?

C. many people, including church leaders, were resistant to embrace any information that might redefine the significance of the earth and their thoughts about creation

A. none of the empirical data collected by the scientists could be confirmed

B. none of the men had the benefit of telescopes to “show” those that doubted their ideas

D. the work of each man contradicted the core findings of each other

Tycho Brahe’s suggested Geo-Heliocentric cosmos model suggested that __________.

C. the sun revolves around the earth while the other planets revolve around the sun

A. the sun and the earth take turns revolving one another

B. the earth revolves around the sun while the planets revolve around the earth

D. the earth and the sun remain fixed in space while all other objects move around them

Which qualities of Tycho Brahe best define his characterization as being good at doing science?

A. He collaborated with workers in his lab to make and record quality observations and then reevaluated the data

B. He was determined and devoted in his attempts to support his data with appropriate mathematical calculations

C. He performed and charted precise measurements over an extended period of time

According to Kepler’s second Law of planetary motion, ____________._

A. the speed of a planet varies as it orbits the sun

B. planets travel in an ellipse while maintaining a constant distance from the sun

C. different planets travel at the same speed as they orbit the sun but require different lengths of time to orbit the sun because some orbits are much larger than others

How did Galileo use his telescope to provide compelling evidence that planets orbit the sun?

D. He used data to create a model showing the phases of Venus and how they could be produced if both Earth and Venus were circling the Sun

A. He made detailed sketches of sunspots on the back side of the sun

B. He created the first sketches of the far side of the moon, proving it must orbit the sun

C. He tracked the movement of wandering stars, which he later named “comets”

What is the primary reason earth experience seasonal changes as it orbits the sun?

C. the earth’s tilt; toward or away from the sun affects the intensity of solar rays

A. the earth is warmer when it is closer to the sun; a time called perihelion

B. the earth is cooler when it is further from the sun; a time called aphelion

What data about Mars supports the Heliocentric theory?

A. Mars creates a loop in the night sky (appearing to move backwards)

B. Mars appears to be red (due to a RedShift in light) as it circles the sun

C. The phases of our moon result from the combined movements of Mars and the earth around the sun

D. The brightness of Mars as viewed from earth increases over 100 times when both planets are located in a similar orbital position

Where is the North Star located during the summer solstice as viewed from Indiana?

B. toward the north at an angle above the horizon matching the latitude (almost 40° for Indiana)

A. directly overhead (a 90 ° Zenith)

C. toward the north at the horizon (approximately 0° in latitude)

D. It depends on the time of night due to earth’s rotation and the movement of stars from east toward the west as the night progresses

When can EAST be precisely identified as the direction where the sun rises and WEST used to mark the exact direction where the sun sets?

A. any day, assuming the observer is north of the equator

B. during the summer and winter solstices

D. never, only a compass accurately identifies true North

Select the TRUE statement about Polaris.

D. Polaris does not appear to move, other stars tend to move from east to west as the earth rotates

A. Polaris has the longest star trail when time lapse photography is utilized

B. Polaris is only visible during the day in the southern hemisphere

C. Polaris is the brightest star in the Big Dipper Constellation

Which data about stars can be used to determine a specific position on earth (latitude and longitude) from upwards of 80 different bright stars in the night sky?

A. star direction, height above the horizon, and time

B. luminosity and spectral classification

C. star size, color, and seasonal angle

D. the zodiac constellation in which the star(s) appear

In terms of astronomical direction, where is the Zenith?

B. directly overhead at the halfway point of the meridian

A. beneath the plane of the ecliptic

C. where right ascension and left ascension meet

D. where the declination value is zero degrees above the horizon

What is the maximum sun angle (height) reached by the sun at noon here in Indiana during the spring equinox?

B. it depends on the latitude from where the sun is being views (about 50°)

D. 90° (directly overhead at noon)

How does the sun’s position change (for our area) throughout the year due to the earth’s rotation and revolution around the sun?

C. the sun remains primarily south, moves westward each day, and reaches a peak angle/declination in late June

A. the sun remains primarily north, moves west to east each day across the sky, reaching a peak/angle declination in September

B. the sun remains primarily north, moves westward each day, reaching a peak angle/declination when the sun’s most direct rays hit the Tropic of Capricorn

D. the sun remains primarily south, reaches a peak angle/declination each day at noon, and never produces a declination greater than the latitude from which it is viewed

Select the TRUE statement about the sun’s apparent movement through the sky.

D. the peak angle of the sun in the winter sky here in Indiana is about 47° lower than the peak angle in the summer, which causes fewer available hours of daylight in the winter

A. the sun remains in the northern part of the sky throughout the year because we live in the northern hemisphere

B. the sun rises in the east and sets in the west due to the earth’s clockwise revolution

C. the sun is directly overhead at noon (solar time) regardless of the location from which it is viewed

The center portion or “rivet” in a starwheel represents _______.

C. the celestial pole (which is essentially the star Polaris)

B. the plane of the ecliptic (for the planets and the sun)

D. the zenith position of the sun on a given date

What ship feature used during ocean explorations of the 1400’s allowed ships to sail into the wind?

A. a series of specially designed and arranged triangular sails

C. a narrow (grooved) cargo hold in the stem of the ship

D. a baton linked to the ships rudder

Due to earth’s rotation, how does the Coriolis affect impact the movement of ocean currents?

A. clockwise circulation patterns create circular flows resulting in gyres

B. counterclockwise circulation loops create outflows called benthos

C. friction between water and the moving atmosphere prevents any significant currents from forming in regions near the equator

D. the spinning motion is the main source of ocean tides

On a global scale, the two MAIN factors that influence surface ocean currents and consequently the paths that were traveled by early ocean explorers, include ________.

B. surface winds and the earth’s rotation

C. ocean floor topography and islands

D. ocean temperatures and salinity levels

Why did many early ocean explorers avoid routes near the equator when attempting to cross the Atlantic toward America?

C. to avoid a low pressure zone known as the doldrums that lacks significant winds

A. the global winds normally blow from the west in that region (prevailing westerlies)

B. the trade winds in that latitude blow in the opposite direction needed for an eastward journey

D. the polar easterlies create currents flowing toward the east in that area

At what point when using the scientific method should observations be collected?

throughout the scientific method, including the analysis of data

only when collecting measurable (quantitative) data

only when comparing the experimental group with the control group

throughout the scientific method, except when forming a hypothesis

Which fact about the human circulatory system did Harvey fail to realize?

blood exists in four main forms or types: A, B, AB, & O

blood travels in a loop and is “recycled” as it is pumped throughout the body

the heart (not the liver) provides the pumping force associated with blood movement

the heart contracts at the same time that a pulse is felt

Which statement best explains Kepler’s Third Law?

the time required for a planet to revolve around the sun is proportional to the size of its orbit

planets in motion stay in motion

big planets have more inertia than small planets

all planets move in “elliptical” orbits directly corresponding to their masses

How were galleon ships better designed for navigation and ocean exploration as compared to caravel vessels?

galleon ships could carry more cargo, yet were more maneuverable and faster

only galleon ships contained traverse boards and rudders

galleon ships had multiple leveled sails, whereas caravel ships did not

the traverse boards used on galleon vessels utilized synthetic silk fibers and were more durable and accurate when plotting locations

Science Academic Team 2022-2023

Authored by Nicholas Nobbe

Science

8th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 6+ times

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72 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Why is Andreas Vesalius considered to be a pioneer in the scientific process?

A. He used lab work to support Galen’s postulates about the human body

B. Vesalius was the first person to map the sun’s movements within the Milky Way

C. He proved that a good sense of “Humor” is needed to maintain a healthy heart

D. Vesalius wrote a detailed book that initiated a new “hands on” approach to doing medicine

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What scientific process (for gathering data) did Andreas Vesalius develop and promote?

dissection

incubation

indentifying the control group within an experiment

controlling the experimental variable

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

William Harvey gained much of his information about the circulatory system by _________.

cutting open live animals

siphoning and then filtering human blood from urine specimens

minimizing observations and comparisons

utilizing a sphygmomanometer, which he invented to study blood pressure

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How did Nicholas Copernicus change the way that people viewed the planets?

Copernicus used a newly invented telescope to locate 8 planets in our solar system

Copernicus proposed that the earth went around the sun

He was first to demonstrate “gravity” and proved that items with mass have a gravitational field

He promoted that the heliocentric and geocentric theories are actually the same concept

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What scientific skills were instrumental to Galileo Galilei as he used his newly improved telescope to better understand our solar system?

Although he was poor in math, he made excellent estimations of time and space

He collected quantitative data and refused to make any qualitative observations

Galileo was curious, very precise, kept excellent records, and published his data

Galileo used his personal bias and refused to collaborate with other colleagues that could be incorrect

Galileo’s observations and data supported the heliocentric theory by showing ________.

Earth’s moon has craters and mountains on the near side

Earth’s waves occur at predictable times as related to the sun’s location

It is possible to determine time based on solar movement (shadows)

Jupiter has multiple natural satellites which orbit around it

Which astronomer is credited with being the FIRST to use MATH and other scientific skills to propose that planets travel around the sun in elliptical orbits?

A. Nicholas Copernicus

B. Johannes Kepler

C. Isaac Newton

D. William Herschel

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Science Academic Team 2022-2023

Why is Andreas Vesalius considered to be a pioneer in the scientific process?

What scientific process (for gathering data) did Andreas Vesalius develop and promote?

William Harvey gained much of his information about the circulatory system by _________.

How did Nicholas Copernicus change the way that people viewed the planets?

What scientific skills were instrumental to Galileo Galilei as he used his newly improved telescope to better understand our solar system?

Galileo’s observations and data supported the heliocentric theory by showing ________.

Which astronomer is credited with being the FIRST to use MATH and other scientific skills to propose that planets travel around the sun in elliptical orbits?

Which of Newton’s Laws is best demonstrated by earth’s continued movement through space until the force of the sun alters its forward path?

What navigational information was determined by comparing the horizon with the angle of the sun when using a cross staff?

An early computer-like device that was used by explorers to chart their movements across vast areas of open water was known as ________.

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