SAT - Maths - Data Collection and Conclusions.

A research study was conducted to determine if a gene therapy is successful in treating color blindness in mice. From a large population of mice with color blindness, 200 were selected at random. Half of the mice were randomly assigned to receive the therapy, and the other half did not. The results showed that 80% of the mice that received therapy had some of their ability to see color restored. Based on the design and results of the study, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?

• The gene therapy is better at treating color blindness than other available treatments.

• The gene therapy is likely to fully restore the ability to see color for mice with color blindness.

• The gene therapy is likely to improve the ability to see color for mice with color blindness.

• The gene therapy will improve the ability to see color for humans with color blindness.

A study was conducted to determine the effect of sulfur on the taste of onions. 200 onion seeds of the same variety were selected at random. Half of the seeds were randomly assigned to be grown in soil treated to have lower sulfur content, and the other half were grown in untreated soil. In a blind taste test of the onions, tasters indicated that the onion grown in soil with lower sulfur content was sweeter. Based on the information provided, which of the following is a reasonable conclusion?

• The variety of onion seeds used produces the sweetest onions.

• For the variety of onion seeds used, onions grown in soil with lower sulfur content are likely to taste sweeter.

• Sulfur in soil improves the sugar production of onions.

• Sulfur content is the only determining factor of onion sweetness.

A company wants to determine the effectiveness of its Spanish language learning app. The company studied a large random sample of first-year Spanish majors and found that, on average, students who used the app received higher grades in their Spanish classes than students who did not use the app. Based on the design and results of the study, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?

• Using the app will improve the grades of any college student.

• Using the app will improve the grades of any Spanish major.

• Using the app is likely to improve the grades of first-year Spanish majors.

• There is an association between using the app and higher grades in Spanish classes for first-year Spanish majors, but the effect of using the app is unclear.

A study was conducted on the effect of classical music on puzzle solving. 500 randomly selected college students were asked to solve a jigsaw puzzle. Half of them were randomly assigned to listen to classical music while solving, and the other half were not. On average, it took participants who were listening to classical music 25 seconds longer to solve their puzzles. Based on the information provided, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion for college students?

• Listening to classical music is likely to lengthen puzzle solving time.

• Listening to classical music is likely to shorten puzzle solving time.

• Listening to classical music is likely to lengthen the time needed for any activity.

• Classical music is the best genre of music to listen to for shortening puzzle solving time.

To determine whether treatment C is effective for pain management, a study was conducted. From a large population of people experiencing chronic pain, 150 participants were selected at random. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive treatment C, and the other half did not. Participants who received treatment C reported better pain management than those who did not. Based on this information, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?

• Treatment C is likely to improve the pain management of people experiencing chronic pain.

• Treatment C will cure multiple underlying causes for pain.

• Treatment C will improve the pain management of anyone who is in pain.

• Treatment C improves pain management more than all other available treatments.