There is and There with quantifiers and Indefinite Pronouns

There are (a)   books on the shelf.

There (a)   a pencil on the desk.

There are (a)   cookies left in the jar.

There is (a)   apple in the fruit bowl.

(a)   many cars on the road.

There is (a)   water in the glass.

(a)   a few grains of rice left in the pot.

There is (a)   sugar in the recipe.

There (a)   are several chairs in the room.

(a)   a bag of candies on the table.