Period 8 2023

The policy of containment, justified by George Kennan’s 1947 analysis of the international situation, called for

• blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union’s influence

• curbing United States foreign investment to limit involvement in world conflict

• liberating Eastern Europe form communism

• dividing Germany into zones administered by the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union

The initial response of the United Stated to the outbreak of war in Korea was to

• seek the cooperation of the People’s Republic of China to end the fighting

• increase American aid to Indochina to meet the threat of communist aggression

• seek collective action against North Korea through the United Nations

• request a summit meeting with the Soviet Union

• nuke Canada

The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to

• create a strong military alliance between the United States and Western Europe

• strengthen the Chinese nationalists against the Chinese communists

• speed the economic recovery and democratization of Japan

• finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe

The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 was to

• decrease the risk of nuclear war by placing atomic weaponry under the control of the United Nations

• prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression

• retake Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union

• create an atmosphere of trust in which negotiation with the Soviet Union would have the best chance for success

Someone who favored George Washington’s approach to foreign policy would be most likely to object to which of the following United States policies?

• Declaration of neutrality at the beginning of the First World War

• Selling surplus wheat to the Soviet Union in the 1970s

• Membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• Trade with the European Common Market nations

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that

• provided for federal support of parochial schools

• declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal

• established free public colleges in the United States

• established free public elementary and secondary schools in the United States

“In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.

“We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.”

President Dwight Eisenhower, farewell address, 1961

Eisenhower’s concerns expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from the context of the

• First World War

• Second World War

• Cold War

• Vietnam War

Which of the following factors was most likely responsible for the change in Chicago’s population from 1950 to 1990 ?

• Migration to the suburbs and surrounding regions

• Federal policies discouraging immigration

• Decreasing birth rates among city dwellers

• Continued racial discrimination in urban public housing

Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as a part of 1950’s popular culture in the United States is true?

• It relied heavily on Black musical traditions.

• It adopted many of the big band tunes of the 1940’s.

• It was a spin-off from British popular music of the time.

• It was the first popular music broadcast nationally on radio.

“Question: When is a dollar more than a dollar?

“Answer: When it’s used in Levittown, the most perfectly planned community in America!

“Anybody can build a house and charge a lot of money for it. But it’s news—big news—when you can find a house . . . to buy for only $8,990. It’s a beauty with 3 and a half delightful rooms.

“PLUS professionally landscaped grounds. . . .

“PLUS a complete bath with a tub, toilet, shower, basin . . .

“PLUS . . . all-steel kitchen cabinets, a stainless steel sink . . .

“PLUS free use of Levittown’s championship swimming pools,

“PLUS free use of all playgrounds, baseball fields, play areas. . . .

“So if you don’t want to be disappointed, come out as soon as you can—today if possible.”

Advertisement for Levitt and Sons housing development in Levittown, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Inquirer, 1951

The ideas expressed in the advertisement overlook which of the following contexts that allowed for the expansion of new suburban housing developments in the 1950s?

• The sharp increase in birth rates after the war

• The reliance on new roads and highways

• The growth of income for middle-class families

• The appeal of modern amenities to consumers