Which of the following best describes early cellular life?

• The first cells were photosynthetic and did not require oxygen.

• The first cells were anaerobic and broke apart small molecules for energy.

• The first cells took in oxygen from fresh water.

• The first cells were very similar to present-day eukaryotic cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

The endosymbiotic theory is a scientific explanation concerning the complexity of the cell. It is the theory that the mitochondria and chloroplasts contained within modern animal and plant cells were once free living bacteria that were engulfed by another bacterial cell leading to the ____________ cell.

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which two scientists conducted an experiment that simulated conditions present on the primitive Earth and tested for the occurrence of chemical evolution?

• Oparin and Haldane

• Watson and Crick

• Darwin and Lamarck

• Miller and Urey

Scientists have duplicated the chemical conditions of the early oceans and atmosphere inside an apparatus in a controlled laboratory experiment. The chemicals were subjected to an energy source in the form of electric sparks. The resulting compounds of the classical experiment were

• Unchanged from the original compounds.

• Functional mitochondria and chloroplasts.

• Organic molecules and simple amino acids.

• Inorganic molecules and electrons.

A dichotomous key of different mollusks is shown. Which mollusk moves by jet propulsion and does not have an external shell?

• Squid

• Slug

• Nautilus

• Snail

Why is it important to assign each organism a scientific name?

• Each scientific name applies to only one species, making it universally identifiable to scientists.

• Each scientific name allows scientists to better study the behavior of an organism.

• The scientific name allows scientists to develop common names for organisms.

• The scientific name describes how an individual looks relative to others of the same genus.

Which characteristic do all organisms in Kingdoms Animalia, Protista, and Fungi have in common?

• They are eukaryotic.

• They are prokaryotic.

• They are unicellular.

• They are multicellular.

The table shows the classification of four mammals found in Texas. Based on this table, which explanation best describes why elk and fallow deer are classified in the same genus?

• They are both in family Cervidae and share a more recent common ancestor.

• They mate and produce fertile offspring.

• They live in similar habitats.

• They are both in kingdom Animalia and have similar diets.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

A phylogenetic tree based on genetic similarities is shown. Which numbered location on the phylogenetic tree identifies characteristics shared by Species B, C, and D?

• Location 1

• Location 2

• Location 3

• Location 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

A cladogram of five species is shown. Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had —

• a vertebral column

• a vertebral column and hair

• sharp teeth and retractable claws

• the ability to purr

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2