Bio Exam 3- Review

On a field trip, a student in a marine biology class collects an organism that has differentiated organs, cell walls of cellulose, and chloroplasts on the beach. Based on this description, the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a gree alga, a charophyte, or a plant. The presence of which of the following features would definitively identify this organism as a land plant (embryophyte).

• a haploid adult life stage

• a cuticle

• flagellated sperm

• sporopollenin

The functional role of a jacketed reproductive organ is primarily to

• provide structural support

• reduce dehydration of the gametes

• allows gametes to engage in photosynthesis

• provide nutrients to the spores

A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte. Which of the following, if present, would be least useful when assigning this plant to a taxon?

• spores

• a microscopic gametophyte

• seeds

• endosperm

In the figure, which plant structure produces haploid gametes by mitosis?

• sporophyte

• spores

• gamete

• gametophyte

In order to maximize the surface area for water and minerals absorption, a vascular plant will need to...

• grow highly branched roots with root hairs

• produce leaves that are thin and needle-like

• produce large fruit

• grow a very tall sporophyte

Which of the following plant organs that you eat are also adaptations for storing carbohydrates?

• Roots

• Stems

• Leaves

• Flowers

• Roots, stems, leaves, but not flowers

20 years ago you put a nail 2 meters off the ground in the trunk of a young oak tree that was 10 meters tall. Today that oak is 40 meters tall. Which statement accurately reflects where the nail is located today?

• The nail is 40 meters off the ground, because primary growth at the base of the trunk pushed the region with the nail upwards

• The nail is 2 meters off the ground, because shoot primary growth only occurs at the tips of the stems 

• The nail is 10 meters off the ground, because apical dominance promoted primary and secondary growth until the nail reached the height the tree was when the nail was originally placed in the trunk

• The nail is 20 meters off the ground, because primary growth pushed the nail upwards 10 meters then secondary growth resulted in the remaining 20 meters of tree growth

Which of the following is true of primary and secondary growth?

• Primary and secondary growth provide a direct explanation for how plants balance the tradeoff between gas exchange and transpiration

• Primary growth and secondary growth typically occur in the same region of a plant at the same time

• Primary growth occurs in all plants, whereas secondary growth only occurs in woody plants

• Lateral meristems result in primary growth, and apical meristems result in secondary growth

Which of the following adaptations would you most likely see in plants exposed to hot and dry environments like the desert?

• stomata opening at night

• photosynthetic stems

• leaves with low surface area

• all of these

If you cut off the top of a growing shoot on a bush in front of your house, which of the following would be the most likely result?

• the bush would start to branch laterally, because auxiliary buds are freed from apical dominance

• the bush would start to grow taller, because many new apical meristems would be created simultaneously via apical dominance

• the bush would wilt and die

• the bush would engage in a thickening of the remaining branches that have not been cut, because the auxiliary bud meristems will be free of apical dominance