Learning

The first time José sees a cat, his mother tells him, "That's a cat. Can you say cat?" He repeats the word gleefully, and his mother praises him. The next day, he is watching a cartoon and sees a tiger on the television. He points at the tiger and says, "Cat!" This is an example of ________.

• generalization
• spreading activation
• categorization
• discrimination

Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behavior because ________.

• it is thought that learning changes the nerve fiber patterns in your muscles
• once you learn something, you will never fail to remember it or carry out the correct action
• it is thought that when learning occurs, some part of the brain physically changes
• memory processes, unlike learning processes, are not permanent

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as a(n) ________.

• unconditioned response
• voluntary response
• conditioned response
• digestive reflux

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called ________.

• classical conditioning
• operant conditioning
• memory linkage
• adaptation

The abbreviation UCS stands for ________.

• unconditional statement
• uniform conditioned subject
• unconditional sensation
• unconditioned stimulus

In the context of classical conditioning, which of the following components "elicits" a response?

• UCR
• UCS
• CER
• CSR

The abbreviation UCR stands for ________.

• unconditional reinforcement
• uniform conditioned rule
• unconditional retention
• unconditioned response

When Pavlov placed food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) ________.

• unconditioned response
• unconditioned stimulus
• conditioned response
• conditioned stimulus

The abbreviation CS stands for ________.

• conditioned stimulus
• correlated stimulus
• conventional structure
• conditional situation

The abbreviation CR stands for ________.

• conditional reinforcement
• contingent reflex
• conditioned response
• contingent reflection